Skip to main content
Advertisement

Main menu

  • Home
  • Content
    • Current Issue
    • Accepted Manuscripts
    • Article Preview
    • Past Issue Archive
    • Video Articles
    • AJNR Case Collection
    • Case of the Week Archive
    • Case of the Month Archive
    • Classic Case Archive
  • Special Collections
    • AJNR Awards
    • Low-Field MRI
    • Alzheimer Disease
    • ASNR Foundation Special Collection
    • Photon-Counting CT
    • View All
  • Multimedia
    • AJNR Podcasts
    • AJNR SCANtastic
    • Trainee Corner
    • MRI Safety Corner
    • Imaging Protocols
  • For Authors
    • Submit a Manuscript
    • Submit a Video Article
    • Submit an eLetter to the Editor/Response
    • Manuscript Submission Guidelines
    • Statistical Tips
    • Fast Publishing of Accepted Manuscripts
    • Graphical Abstract Preparation
    • Imaging Protocol Submission
    • Author Policies
  • About Us
    • About AJNR
    • Editorial Board
    • Editorial Board Alumni
  • More
    • Become a Reviewer/Academy of Reviewers
    • Subscribers
    • Permissions
    • Alerts
    • Feedback
    • Advertisers
    • ASNR Home

User menu

  • Alerts
  • Log in

Search

  • Advanced search
American Journal of Neuroradiology
American Journal of Neuroradiology

American Journal of Neuroradiology

ASHNR American Society of Functional Neuroradiology ASHNR American Society of Pediatric Neuroradiology ASSR
  • Alerts
  • Log in

Advanced Search

  • Home
  • Content
    • Current Issue
    • Accepted Manuscripts
    • Article Preview
    • Past Issue Archive
    • Video Articles
    • AJNR Case Collection
    • Case of the Week Archive
    • Case of the Month Archive
    • Classic Case Archive
  • Special Collections
    • AJNR Awards
    • Low-Field MRI
    • Alzheimer Disease
    • ASNR Foundation Special Collection
    • Photon-Counting CT
    • View All
  • Multimedia
    • AJNR Podcasts
    • AJNR SCANtastic
    • Trainee Corner
    • MRI Safety Corner
    • Imaging Protocols
  • For Authors
    • Submit a Manuscript
    • Submit a Video Article
    • Submit an eLetter to the Editor/Response
    • Manuscript Submission Guidelines
    • Statistical Tips
    • Fast Publishing of Accepted Manuscripts
    • Graphical Abstract Preparation
    • Imaging Protocol Submission
    • Author Policies
  • About Us
    • About AJNR
    • Editorial Board
    • Editorial Board Alumni
  • More
    • Become a Reviewer/Academy of Reviewers
    • Subscribers
    • Permissions
    • Alerts
    • Feedback
    • Advertisers
    • ASNR Home
  • Follow AJNR on Twitter
  • Visit AJNR on Facebook
  • Follow AJNR on Instagram
  • Join AJNR on LinkedIn
  • RSS Feeds

AJNR Awards, New Junior Editors, and more. Read the latest AJNR updates

Research ArticleNeuroimaging Physics/Functional Neuroimaging/CT and MRI Technology
Open Access

Imaging and Anesthesia Protocol Optimization in Sedated Clinical Resting-State fMRI

Elmira Hassanzadeh, Alyssa Ailion, Masoud Hassanzadeh, Alena Hornak, Noam Peled, Dana Martino, Simon K. Warfield, Zhou Lan, Taha Gholipour and Steven M. Stufflebeam
American Journal of Neuroradiology February 2025, 46 (2) 293-301; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A8438
Elmira Hassanzadeh
aFrom the Department of Radiology (E.H., Z.L.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for Elmira Hassanzadeh
Alyssa Ailion
bDepartment of Neurology (A.A., A.H., D.M.), Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Masoud Hassanzadeh
cDepartment of Surgery (S.K.W.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for Masoud Hassanzadeh
Alena Hornak
bDepartment of Neurology (A.A., A.H., D.M.), Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Noam Peled
dDepartment of Radiology(N.P., S.M.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for Noam Peled
Dana Martino
bDepartment of Neurology (A.A., A.H., D.M.), Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Simon K. Warfield
eDepartment of Radiology (S.K.W.), Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for Simon K. Warfield
Zhou Lan
aFrom the Department of Radiology (E.H., Z.L.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Taha Gholipour
fComprehensive Epilepsy Center (T.G.), University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • ORCID record for Taha Gholipour
Steven M. Stufflebeam
dDepartment of Radiology(N.P., S.M.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • Supplemental
  • Info & Metrics
  • Responses
  • References
  • PDF
Loading

References

  1. 1.↵
    1. Leuthardt EC,
    2. Guzman G,
    3. Bandt SK, et al
    . Integration of resting state functional MRI into clinical practice - A large single institution experience. PLoS One 2018;13:e0198349 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0198349 pmid:29933375
    CrossRefPubMed
  2. 2.↵
    1. Biswal B,
    2. Yetkin FZ,
    3. Haughton VM, et al
    . Functional connectivity in the motor cortex of resting human brain using echo-planar MRI. Magn Reson Med 1995;34:537–41 doi:10.1002/mrm.1910340409 pmid:8524021
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  3. 3.↵
    1. Bernal B,
    2. Grossman S,
    3. Gonzalez R, et al
    . FMRI under sedation: what is the best choice in children? J Clin Med Res 2012;4:363–70 doi:10.4021/jocmr1047w pmid:23226168
    CrossRefPubMed
  4. 4.↵
    1. Krishnamurthy M,
    2. You X,
    3. Sepeta LN, et al
    . Resting-state functional MRI for motor cortex mapping in childhood-onset focal epilepsy. J Neuroimaging 2022;32:1201–10 doi:10.1111/jon.13030 pmid:35881496
    CrossRefPubMed
  5. 5.↵
    1. Catalino MP,
    2. Yao S,
    3. Green DL, et al
    . Mapping cognitive and emotional networks in neurosurgical patients using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Neurosurg Focus 2020;48:E9 doi:10.3171/2019.11.FOCUS19773 pmid:32006946
    CrossRefPubMed
  6. 6.↵
    1. Sparacia G,
    2. Parla G,
    3. Mamone G, et al
    . Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging for surgical neuro-oncology planning: towards a standardization in clinical settings. Brain Sci 2021;11:1613. doi:10.3390/brainsci11121613
    CrossRefPubMed
  7. 7.↵
    1. Smith K
    . Brain imaging: FMRI 2.0. Nature 2012;484:24–26 doi:10.1038/484024a pmid:22481337
    CrossRefPubMed
  8. 8.↵
    1. Liu TT
    . Neurovascular factors in resting-state functional MRI. Neuroimage 2013;80:339–48 doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.04.071 pmid:23644003
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  9. 9.↵
    1. Mielck F,
    2. Stephan H,
    3. Weyland A, et al
    . Effects of one minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration sevoflurane on cerebral metabolism, blood flow, and CO2 reactivity in cardiac patients. Anesth Analg 1999;89:364–69 doi:10.1097/00000539-199908000-00022 pmid:10439749
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  10. 10.↵
    1. Hudetz AG
    . General anesthesia and human brain connectivity. Brain Connect 2012;2:291–302 doi:10.1089/brain.2012.0107 pmid:23153273
    CrossRefPubMed
  11. 11.↵
    1. Preibisch C,
    2. Castrillón G JG,
    3. Bührer M, et al
    . Evaluation of multiband EPI acquisitions for resting state fMRI. PLoS One 2015;10:e0136961 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0136961 pmid:26375666
    CrossRefPubMed
  12. 12.↵
    1. Pan WJ,
    2. Billings JCW,
    3. Grooms JK, et al
    . Considerations for resting state functional MRI and functional connectivity studies in rodents. Front Neurosci 2015;9:269 doi:10.3389/fnins.2015.00269 pmid:26300718
    CrossRefPubMed
  13. 13.↵
    1. Warren AEL,
    2. Davidson A,
    3. Vogrin SJ, et al
    . Combined isoflurane-remifentanil anaesthesia permits resting-state fMRI in children with severe epilepsy and intellectual disability. Brain Topogr 2020;33:618–35 doi:10.1007/s10548-020-00782-5 pmid:32623611
    CrossRefPubMed
  14. 14.↵
    1. Palanca BJA,
    2. Mitra A,
    3. Larson-Prior L, et al
    . Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging correlates of sevoflurane-induced unconsciousness. Anesthesiology 2015;123:346–56 doi:10.1097/ALN.0000000000000731 pmid:26057259
    CrossRefPubMed
  15. 15.↵
    1. Golkowski D,
    2. Larroque SK,
    3. Vanhaudenhuyse A, et al
    . Changes in whole brain dynamics and connectivity patterns during sevoflurane- and propofol-induced unconsciousness identified by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Anesthesiology 2019;130:898–911 doi:10.1097/ALN.0000000000002704 pmid:31045899
    CrossRefPubMed
  16. 16.↵
    1. Boveroux P,
    2. Vanhaudenhuyse A,
    3. Bruno MA, et al
    . Breakdown of within- and between-network resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging connectivity during propofol-induced loss of consciousness. Anesthesiology 2010;113:1038–53 doi:10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181f697f5 pmid:20885292
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  17. 17.↵
    1. Vedaei F,
    2. Alizadeh M,
    3. Romo V, et al
    . The effect of general anesthesia on the test–retest reliability of resting-state fMRI metrics and optimization of scan length. Front Neurosci 2022;16:937172 doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.937172 pmid:36051647
    CrossRefPubMed
  18. 18.↵
    1. Franceschini MA,
    2. Radhakrishnan H,
    3. Thakur K, et al
    . The effect of different anesthetics on neurovascular coupling. Neuroimage 2010;51:1367–77 doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.03.060 pmid:20350606
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  19. 19.↵
    1. Grandjean J,
    2. Schroeter A,
    3. Batata I, et al
    . Optimization of anesthesia protocol for resting-state fMRI in mice based on differential effects of anesthetics on functional connectivity patterns. Neuroimage 2014;102(Pt 2):838–47 doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.08.043 pmid:25175535
    CrossRefPubMed
  20. 20.↵
    1. Ranft A,
    2. Golkowski D,
    3. Kiel T, et al
    . Neural correlates of sevoflurane-induced unconsciousness identified by simultaneous functional magnetic resonance imaging and electroencephalography. Anesthesiology 2016;125:861–72 doi:10.1097/ALN.0000000000001322 pmid:27617689
    CrossRefPubMed
  21. 21.↵
    1. Liu X,
    2. Lauer KK,
    3. Ward BD, et al
    . Propofol disrupts functional interactions between sensory and high-order processing of auditory verbal memory. Hum Brain Mapp 2012;33:2487–98 doi:10.1002/hbm.21385 pmid:21932265
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  22. 22.↵
    1. Hudetz AG,
    2. Mashour GA
    . Disconnecting consciousness: is there a common anesthetic end point? Anesth Analg 2016;123:1228–40 doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000001353 pmid:27331780
    CrossRefPubMed
  23. 23.↵
    1. Venkatraghavan L,
    2. Bharadwaj S,
    3. Wourms V, et al
    . Brain resting-state functional connectivity is preserved under sevoflurane anesthesia in patients with pervasive developmental disorders: a pilot study. Brain Connect 2017;7:250–57 doi:10.1089/brain.2016.0448 pmid:28443736
    CrossRefPubMed
  24. 24.↵
    1. Gemma M,
    2. de Vitis A,
    3. Baldoli C, et al
    . Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in children sedated with propofol or midazolam. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2009;21:253–58 doi:10.1097/ANA.0b013e3181a7181d pmid:19543005
    CrossRefPubMed
  25. 25.↵
    1. Di Francesco MW,
    2. Robertson SA,
    3. Karunanayaka P, et al
    . BOLD fMRI in infants under sedation: comparing the impact of pentobarbital and propofol on auditory and language activation. J Magn Reson Imaging 2013;38:1184–95 doi:10.1002/jmri.24082 pmid:23526799
    CrossRefPubMed
  26. 26.↵
    1. Esteban O,
    2. Markiewicz CJ,
    3. Blair RW, et al
    . fMRIPrep: a robust preprocessing pipeline for functional MRI. Nat Methods 2019;16:111–16 doi:10.1038/s41592-018-0235-4 pmid:30532080
    CrossRefPubMed
  27. 27.↵
    1. Jenkinson M,
    2. Beckmann CF,
    3. Behrens TEJ, et al
    . FSL. Neuroimage 2012;62:782–90 doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.09.015 pmid:21979382
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  28. 28.↵
    1. Nir T,
    2. Jacob Y,
    3. Huang KH, et al
    . Resting-state functional connectivity in early postanaesthesia recovery is characterised by globally reduced anticorrelations. Br J Anaesth 2020;125:529–38 doi:10.1016/j.bja.2020.06.058 pmid:32800503
    CrossRefPubMed
  29. 29.↵
    1. Mark IT,
    2. Black DF,
    3. DeLone DR, et al
    . Higher temporal resolution multiband fMRI provides improved presurgical language maps. Neuroradiology 2021;63:439–45 doi:10.1007/s00234-020-02569-8 pmid:33025042
    CrossRefPubMed
  30. 30.↵
    1. Laumann TO,
    2. Gordon EM,
    3. Adeyemo B, et al
    . Functional system and areal organization of a highly sampled individual human brain. Neuron 2015;87:657–70 doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.06.037 pmid:26212711
    CrossRefPubMed
  31. 31.↵
    1. Birn RM,
    2. Molloy EK,
    3. Patriat R, et al
    . The effect of scan length on the reliability of resting-state fMRI connectivity estimates. Neuroimage 2013;83:550–58 doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.05.099 pmid:23747458
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  32. 32.↵
    1. Peltier SJ,
    2. Kerssens C,
    3. Hamann SB, et al
    . Functional connectivity changes with concentration of sevoflurane anesthesia. Neuroreport 2005;16:285–88 doi:10.1097/00001756-200502280-00017 pmid:15706237
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  33. 33.↵
    1. Hassanzadeh E,
    2. Hornak A,
    3. Hassanzadeh M, et al
    . Comparison of fMRI language laterality with and without sedation in pediatric epilepsy. Neuroimage Clin 2023;38:103448 doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103448 pmid:37285796
    CrossRefPubMed
  34. 34.↵
    1. Tang CY,
    2. Ramani R
    . Functional connectivity and anesthesia. Int Anesthesiol Clin 2016;54:143–55 doi:10.1097/AIA.0000000000000083 pmid:26655514
    CrossRefPubMed
  35. 35.↵
    1. Guldenmund P,
    2. Gantner IS,
    3. Baquero K, et al
    . Propofol-induced frontal cortex disconnection: a study of resting-state networks, total brain connectivity, and mean BOLD signal oscillation frequencies. Brain Connect 2016;6:225–37 doi:10.1089/brain.2015.0369 pmid:26650183
    CrossRefPubMed
  36. 36.↵
    1. Schrouff J,
    2. Perlbarg V,
    3. Boly M, et al
    . Brain functional integration decreases during propofol-induced loss of consciousness. Neuroimage 2011;57:198–205 doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.04.020 pmid:21524704
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  37. 37.↵
    1. Ramani R,
    2. Qiu M,
    3. Constable RT
    . Sevoflurane 0.25 MAC preferentially affects higher order association areas: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study in volunteers. Anesth Analg 2007;105:648–55 doi:10.1213/01.ane.0000277496.12747.29 pmid:17717218
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  38. 38.↵
    1. Altman NR,
    2. Bernal B
    . Brain activation in sedated children: auditory and visual functional MR imaging. Radiology 2001;221:56–63 doi:10.1148/radiol.2211010074 pmid:11568321
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
PreviousNext
Back to top

In this issue

American Journal of Neuroradiology: 46 (2)
American Journal of Neuroradiology
Vol. 46, Issue 2
1 Feb 2025
  • Table of Contents
  • Index by author
  • Complete Issue (PDF)
Advertisement
Print
Download PDF
Email Article

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on American Journal of Neuroradiology.

NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
Imaging and Anesthesia Protocol Optimization in Sedated Clinical Resting-State fMRI
(Your Name) has sent you a message from American Journal of Neuroradiology
(Your Name) thought you would like to see the American Journal of Neuroradiology web site.
CAPTCHA
This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Cite this article
Elmira Hassanzadeh, Alyssa Ailion, Masoud Hassanzadeh, Alena Hornak, Noam Peled, Dana Martino, Simon K. Warfield, Zhou Lan, Taha Gholipour, Steven M. Stufflebeam
Imaging and Anesthesia Protocol Optimization in Sedated Clinical Resting-State fMRI
American Journal of Neuroradiology Feb 2025, 46 (2) 293-301; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A8438

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
0 Responses
Respond to this article
Share
Bookmark this article
Optimizing fMRI Protocols with Anesthesia
Elmira Hassanzadeh, Alyssa Ailion, Masoud Hassanzadeh, Alena Hornak, Noam Peled, Dana Martino, Simon K. Warfield, Zhou Lan, Taha Gholipour, Steven M. Stufflebeam
American Journal of Neuroradiology Feb 2025, 46 (2) 293-301; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A8438
del.icio.us logo Twitter logo Facebook logo Mendeley logo
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like
  • Google Plus One
Purchase

Jump to section

  • Article
    • Graphical Abstract
    • Abstract
    • ABBREVIATIONS:
    • MATERIALS AND METHODS
    • RESULTS
    • DISCUSSION
    • CONCLUSIONS
    • Footnotes
    • References
  • Figures & Data
  • Supplemental
  • Info & Metrics
  • Responses
  • References
  • PDF

Related Articles

  • PubMed
  • Google Scholar

Cited By...

  • No citing articles found.
  • Crossref
  • Google Scholar

This article has not yet been cited by articles in journals that are participating in Crossref Cited-by Linking.

More in this TOC Section

  • A Comprehensive Review of IA Imaging Modalities
  • Synthetic MRI based on 3D-QALAS MR Quantification
  • Delta wave MRI
Show more Neuroimaging Physics/Functional Neuroimaging/CT and MRI Technology

Similar Articles

Advertisement

Indexed Content

  • Current Issue
  • Accepted Manuscripts
  • Article Preview
  • Past Issues
  • Editorials
  • Editor's Choice
  • Fellows' Journal Club
  • Letters to the Editor
  • Video Articles

Cases

  • Case Collection
  • Archive - Case of the Week
  • Archive - Case of the Month
  • Archive - Classic Case

More from AJNR

  • Trainee Corner
  • Imaging Protocols
  • MRI Safety Corner
  • Book Reviews

Multimedia

  • AJNR Podcasts
  • AJNR Scantastics

Resources

  • Turnaround Time
  • Submit a Manuscript
  • Submit a Video Article
  • Submit an eLetter to the Editor/Response
  • Manuscript Submission Guidelines
  • Statistical Tips
  • Fast Publishing of Accepted Manuscripts
  • Graphical Abstract Preparation
  • Imaging Protocol Submission
  • Evidence-Based Medicine Level Guide
  • Publishing Checklists
  • Author Policies
  • Become a Reviewer/Academy of Reviewers
  • News and Updates

About Us

  • About AJNR
  • Editorial Board
  • Editorial Board Alumni
  • Alerts
  • Permissions
  • Not an AJNR Subscriber? Join Now
  • Advertise with Us
  • Librarian Resources
  • Feedback
  • Terms and Conditions
  • AJNR Editorial Board Alumni

American Society of Neuroradiology

  • Not an ASNR Member? Join Now

© 2025 by the American Society of Neuroradiology All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.
Print ISSN: 0195-6108 Online ISSN: 1936-959X

Powered by HighWire