PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Hassanzadeh, Elmira
AU  - Ailion, Alyssa
AU  - Hassanzadeh, Masoud
AU  - Hornak, Alena
AU  - Peled, Noam
AU  - Martino, Dana
AU  - Warfield, Simon K.
AU  - Lan, Zhou
AU  - Gholipour, Taha
AU  - Stufflebeam, Steven M.
TI  - Imaging and Anesthesia Protocol Optimization in Sedated Clinical Resting-State fMRI
AID  - 10.3174/ajnr.A8438
DP  - 2025 Feb 01
TA  - American Journal of Neuroradiology
PG  - 293--301
VI  - 46
IP  - 2
4099  - http://www.ajnr.org/content/46/2/293.short
4100  - http://www.ajnr.org/content/46/2/293.full
SO  - Am. J. Neuroradiol.2025 Feb 01; 46
AB  - BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The quality of resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) under anesthesia is variable and there are no guidelines on optimal image acquisition or anesthesia protocol. We aim to identify the factors that may lead to compromised clinical rs-fMRI under anesthesia.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed clinical rs-fMRI data acquired under anesthesia from 2009–2023 at Massachusetts General Hospital. Independent component analysis–driven resting-state networks (RSNs) of each patient were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively and grouped as robust or weak. Overall networks were evaluated by using the qualitative method, and motor and language networks were evaluated by using the quantitative method. RSN robustness was analyzed in 4 outcome categories: overall, combined motor-language, individual motor, and language networks. Predictor variables included rs-fMRI acquisition parameters, anesthesia medications, underlying brain structural abnormalities, age, and sex. Logistic regression was used to examine the effect of the study variables on RSN robustness.RESULTS: Sixty-nine patients were identified. With qualitative assessment, 40 had robust and 29 had weak overall RSN. Quantitatively, 45 patients had robust, while 24 had weak motor-language networks. Among all the predictor variables, only sevoflurane significantly contributed to the outcomes, with sevoflurane administration reducing the odds of having robust RSN in overall (OR = 0.2, 95% CI = 0.05–0.79, P = .02), motor-language (OR = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.04–0.80, P = .02), and individual motor (OR = 0.1, 95% CI = 0.02–0.64, P = .02) categories. Individual language network robustness was not associated with the tested predictor variables.CONCLUSIONS: Sevoflurane anesthesia may compromise the visibility of fMRI RSN, particularly impacting motor networks. This finding suggests that the type of anesthesia is a critical factor in rs-fMRI quality. We did not observe the association of the MR acquisition technique or underlying structural abnormality with the RSN robustness.BOLDblood oxygen level–dependentrs-fMRIresting-state fMRIRSNresting-state network