Multiphase CT Angiography: A Useful Technique in Acute Stroke Imaging—Collaterals and Beyond

References

1. 1.↵
   1. Powers WJ,
   2. Rabinstein AA,
   3. Ackerson T, et al

   . Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: 2019 Update to the 2018 Guidelines for the Early Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2019;50:e344–418 doi:10.1161/STR.0000000000000211 pmid:31662037

   CrossRefPubMed
2. 2.↵
   1. Nogueira RG,
   2. Jadhav AP,
   3. Haussen DC, et al

   . Thrombectomy 6 to 24 hours after stroke with a mismatch between deficit and infarct. N Engl J Med 2018;378:11–21 doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1706442 pmid:29129157

   CrossRefPubMed
3. 3.↵
   1. Albers GW,
   2. Marks MP,
   3. Kemp S, et al

   . Thrombectomy for stroke at 6 to 16 hours with selection by perfusion imaging. N Engl J Med 2018;378:708–18 doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1713973 pmid:29364767

   CrossRefPubMed
4. 4.↵
   1. Goyal M,
   2. Demchuk AM,
   3. Menon BK, et al

   . Randomized assessment of rapid endovascular treatment of ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 2015;372:1019–30 doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1414905 pmid:25671798

   CrossRefPubMed
5. 5.↵
   1. Berkhemer OA,
   2. Jansen IGH,
   3. Beumer D, et al

   . Collateral status on baseline computed tomographic angiography and intra-arterial treatment effect in patients with proximal anterior circulation stroke. Stroke 2016;47:768–76 doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.115.011788 pmid:26903582

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
6. 6.↵
   1. Yu AYX,
   2. Zerna C,
   3. Assis Z, et al

   . Multiphase CT angiography increases detection of anterior circulation intracranial occlusion. Neurology 2016;87:609–16 doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000002951 pmid:27385749

   CrossRefPubMed
7. 7.↵
   1. Menon BK,
   2. d’Esterre CD,
   3. Qazi EM, et al

   . Multiphase CT angiography: a new tool for the imaging triage of patients with acute ischemic stroke. Radiology 2015;275:510–20 doi:10.1148/radiol.15142256 pmid:25633505

   CrossRefPubMed
8. 8.↵
   1. Ospel JM,
   2. Volny O,
   3. Qiu W, et al

   . Displaying multiphase CT angiography using a time-variant color map: practical considerations and potential applications in patients with acute stroke. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2020;41:200–05 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A6376 pmid:31919139

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
9. 9.↵
   1. Volny O,
   2. Cimflova P,
   3. Kadlecova P, et al

   . Single-phase versus multiphase CT angiography in middle cerebral artery clot detection-benefits for less experienced radiologists and neurologists. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2017;26:19–24 doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.08.023 pmid:27612627

   CrossRefPubMed
10. 10.↵
    1. Byrne D,
    2. Sugrue G,
    3. Stanley E, et al

    . Improved detection of anterior circulation occlusions: the “delayed vessel sign” on multiphase CT angiography. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2017;38:1911–16 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A5317 pmid:28798219

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
11. 11.↵
    1. Tomsick TA,
    2. Carrozzella J,
    3. Foster L, et al

    . Endovascular therapy of M2 occlusion in IMS III: role of M2 segment definition and location on clinical and revascularization outcomes. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2017;38:84–89 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A4979 pmid:27765740

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
12. 12.
    1. Sarraj A,
    2. Sangha N,
    3. Hussain MS, et al

    . Endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke with occlusion of the middle cerebral artery M2 segment. JAMA Neurol 2016;73:1291–96 doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2016.2773 pmid:27617425

    CrossRefPubMed
13. 13.↵
    1. Coutinho JM,
    2. Liebeskind DS,
    3. Slater L-A, et al

    . Mechanical thrombectomy for isolated M2 occlusions: a post hoc analysis of the STAR, SWIFT, and SWIFT PRIME studies. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2016;37:667–72 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A4591 pmid:26564442

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
14. 14.↵
    1. Puetz V,
    2. Dzialowski I,
    3. Hill MD, et al

    . Intracranial thrombus extent predicts clinical outcome, final infarct size and hemorrhagic transformation in ischemic stroke: the clot burden score. Int J Stroke 2008;3:230–36 doi:10.1111/j.1747-4949.2008.00221.x pmid:18811738

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
15. 15.↵
    1. Riedel CH,
    2. Zimmermann P,
    3. Jensen-Kondering U, et al

    . The importance of size: successful recanalization by intravenous thrombolysis in acute anterior stroke depends on thrombus length. Stroke 2011;42:1775–77 doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.609693 pmid:21474810

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
16. 16.↵
    1. Polito V,
    2. La Piana R,
    3. Del Pilar Cortes M, et al

    . Assessment of clot length with multiphase CT angiography in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Neuroradiol J 2017;30:593–99 doi:10.1177/1971400917736928 pmid:29068254

    CrossRefPubMed
17. 17.↵
    1. Yeo LLL,
    2. Paliwal P,
    3. Teoh HL, et al

    . Assessment of intracranial collaterals on CT angiography in anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2015;36:289–94 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A4117 pmid:25324493

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
18. 18.↵
    1. Liebeskind DS,
    2. Kim D,
    3. Starkman S, et al

    . Collateral failure? Late mechanical thrombectomy after failed intravenous thrombolysis. J Neuroimaging 2010;20:78–82 doi:10.1111/j.1552-6569.2008.00295.x pmid:18798777

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
19. 19.↵
    1. Bozzao L,
    2. Fantozzi LM,
    3. Bastianello S, et al

    . Early collateral blood supply and late parenchymal brain damage in patients with middle cerebral artery occlusion. Stroke 1989;20:735–40 doi:10.1161/01.str.20.6.735 pmid:2728038

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
20. 20.↵
    1. Bang OY,
    2. Saver JL,
    3. Kim SJ, et al

    . Collateral flow averts hemorrhagic transformation after endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 2011;42:2235–39 doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.604603 pmid:21737798

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
21. 21.↵
    1. Lima FO,
    2. Furie KL,
    3. Silva GS, et al

    . The pattern of leptomeningeal collaterals on CT angiography is a strong predictor of long-term functional outcome in stroke patients with large vessel intracranial occlusion. Stroke 2010;41:2316–22 doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.592303 pmid:20829514

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
22. 22.↵
    1. Casault C,
    2. Al Sultan AS,
    3. Trivedi A, et al

    . Collateral scoring on CT angiogram must evaluate phase and regional pattern. Can J Neurol Sci J Can Sci 2017;44:503–07 doi:10.1017/cjn.2017.53 pmid:28862107

    CrossRefPubMed
23. 23.↵
    1. Bang OY,
    2. Goyal M,
    3. Liebeskind DS

    . Collateral circulation in ischemic stroke: assessment tools and therapeutic strategies. Stroke 2015;46:3302–09 doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.115.010508 pmid:26451027

    FREE Full Text
24. 24.↵
    1. Lansberg MG,
    2. Thijs VN,
    3. Bammer R, et al

    . Risk factors of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage after tPA therapy for acute stroke. Stroke 2007;38:2275–78 doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.106.480475 pmid:17569874

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
25. 25.↵
    1. Mlynash M,
    2. Lansberg MG,
    3. De Silva DA, et al

    . Refining the definition of the malignant profile: insights from the DEFUSE-EPITHET pooled data set. Stroke 2011;42:1270–75 doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.601609 pmid:21474799

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
26. 26.↵
    1. Reid M,
    2. Famuyide AO,
    3. Forkert ND, et al

    . Accuracy and reliability of multiphase CTA perfusion for identifying ischemic core. Clin Neuroradiol 2019;29:543–52 doi:10.1007/s00062-018-0717-x pmid:30132089

    CrossRefPubMed
27. 27.↵
    1. Santos EMM,
    2. d’Esterre CD,
    3. Treurniet KM, et al

    . Added value of multiphase CTA imaging for thrombus perviousness assessment. Neuroradiology 2018;60:71–79 doi:10.1007/s00234-017-1907-y pmid:28963573

    CrossRefPubMed
28. 28.↵
    1. de Havenon A,
    2. Mlynash M,
    3. Kim-Tenser MA, et al

    . Results from DEFUSE 3: good collaterals are associated with reduced ischemic core growth but not neurologic outcome. Stroke 2019;50:632–38 doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.118.023407 pmid:30726184

    CrossRefPubMed
29. 29.↵
    1. Zhang X,
    2. Zhang M,
    3. Ding W, et al

    . Distinct predictive role of collateral status on clinical outcome in variant stroke subtypes of acute large arterial occlusion. Eur J Neurol 2018;25:293–300 doi:10.1111/ene.13493 pmid:29053905

    CrossRefPubMed
30. 30.↵
    1. Yang C-Y,
    2. Chen Y-F,
    3. Lee C-W, et al

    . Multiphase CT angiography versus single-phase CT angiography: comparison of image quality and radiation dose. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2008;29:1288–95 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A1073 pmid:18403555

    Abstract/FREE Full Text