Renal Excretion of Contrast on CT Myelography: A Specific Marker of CSF Leak

References

1. 1.↵
   1. Schievink WI

   . Spontaneous spinal cerebrospinal fluid leaks: a review. Neurosurg Focus 2000;9:9 doi:10.3171/foc.2000.9.1.8 pmid:16859269

   CrossRefPubMed
2. 2.↵
   1. Schievink WI

   . Spontaneous spinal cerebrospinal fluid leaks and intracranial hypotension. JAMA 2006;295:2286–96 doi:10.1001/jama.295.19.2286 pmid:16705110

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
3. 3.↵
   1. Mokri B

   . Spontaneous low pressure, low CSF volume headaches: spontaneous CSF leaks. Headache 2013;53:1034–53 doi:10.1111/head.12149 pmid:23808630

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
4. 4.↵
   1. Schievink WI,
   2. Maya MM,
   3. Louy C, et al

   . Diagnostic criteria for spontaneous spinal CSF leaks and intracranial hypotension. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2008;29:853–56 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A0956 pmid:18258706

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
5. 5.↵
   1. Halkar R,
   2. Pettigrew R,
   3. Lipman C, et al

   . Rapid transit of tracer to the kidneys and urinary bladder in radionuclide cisternography: a sign of CSF leak. Clin Nucl Med 1997;22:121–23 doi:10.1097/00003072-199702000-00012 pmid:9031773

   CrossRefPubMed
6. 6.↵
   1. Dillon WP

   . Challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Radiology 2018;289:773–74 doi:10.1148/radiol.2018181860 pmid:30226451

   CrossRefPubMed
7. 7.↵
   1. Kranz PG,
   2. Tanpitukpongse TP,
   3. Choudhury KR, et al

   . How common is normal cerebrospinal fluid pressure in spontaneous intracranial hypotension? Cephalalgia 2016;36:1209–17 doi:10.1177/0333102415623071 pmid:26682575

   CrossRefPubMed
8. 8.↵
   1. Farb RI,
   2. Nicholson PJ,
   3. Peng PW, et al

   . Spontaneous intracranial hypotension: a systematic imaging approach for CSF leak localization and management based on MRI and digital subtraction myelography. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019;40:745–53 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A6016 pmid:30923083

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
9. 9.↵
   1. Sencakova D,
   2. Mokri B,
   3. McClelland RL

   . The efficacy of epidural blood patch in spontaneous CSF leaks. Neurology 2001;57:1921–23 doi:10.1212/wnl.57.10.1921 pmid:11723293

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
10. 10.↵
    1. Luetmer PH,
    2. Schwartz KM,
    3. Eckel LJ, et al

    . When should I do dynamic CT myelography? Predicting fast spinal CSF leaks in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2012;33:690–94 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A2849 pmid:22194380

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
11. 11.↵
    Headache Classification Subcommittee of the International Headache Society. The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd ed. Cephalalgia 2004;24(Suppl 1):9–160 pmid:14979299

    CrossRefPubMed
12. 12.↵
    1. Kinsman KA,
    2. Verdoorn JT,
    3. Luetmer PH, et al

    . Renal contrast on CT myelography: diagnostic value in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019;40:376–81 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A5934 pmid:30655256

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
13. 13.↵
    1. Schievink WI,
    2. Moser FG,
    3. Maya MM

    . CSF-venous fistula in spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Neurology 2014;83:472–73 doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000000639 pmid:24951475

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
14. 14.↵
    1. Kranz PG,
    2. Amrhein TJ,
    3. Schievink WI, et al

    . The “hyperdense paraspinal vein” sign: a marker of CSF-venous fistula. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2016;37:1379–81 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A4682 pmid:26869470

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
15. 15.↵
    1. Clark MS,
    2. Diehn FE,
    3. Verdoorn JT, et al

    . Prevalence of hyperdense paraspinal vein sign in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension without dural CSF leak on standard CT myelography. Diagn Interv Radiol 2018;24:54–59 doi:10.5152/dir.2017.17220 pmid:29217497

    CrossRefPubMed
16. 16.↵
    1. Schievink WI,
    2. Maya MM,
    3. Jean-Pierre S, et al

    . A classification system of spontaneous spinal CSF leaks. Neurology 2016;87:673–79 doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000002986 pmid:27440149

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
17. 17.↵
    1. Kranz PG,
    2. Gray L,
    3. Amrhein T

    . Spontaneous intracranial hypotension: 10 myths and misperceptions. Headache 2018;58:948–59 doi:10.1111/head.13328 pmid:29797515

    CrossRefPubMed
18. 18.↵
    1. Kranz PG,
    2. Malinzak MD,
    3. Amrhein TJ

    , et al. Update on the diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2017;21:37 doi:10.1007/s11916-017-0639-3 pmid:28755201

    CrossRefPubMed
19. 19.↵
    1. Kranz PG,
    2. Amrhein TJ,
    3. Gray L

    . CSF venous fistulas in spontaneous intracranial hypotension: imaging characteristics on dynamic and CT myelography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2017;209:1360–66 doi:10.2214/AJR.17.18351 pmid:29023155

    CrossRefPubMed
20. 20.↵
    1. Watanabe Y,
    2. Tsukabe A,
    3. Kunitomi Y, et al

    . Dual-energy CT for detection of contrast enhancement or leakage within high-density haematomas in patients with intracranial haemorrhage. Neuroradiology 2014;56:291–95 doi:10.1007/s00234-014-1333-3 pmid:24510167

    CrossRefPubMed
21. 21.↵
    1. Kaza RK,
    2. Platt JF,
    3. Cohan RH, et al

    . Dual-energy CT with single- and dual-source scanners: current applications in evaluating the genitourinary tract. Radiographics 2012;32:353–69 doi:10.1148/rg.322115065 pmid:22411937

    CrossRefPubMed
22. 22.↵
    1. Hoxworth JM,
    2. Patel AC,
    3. Bosch EP, et al

    . Localization of a rapid CSF leak with digital subtraction myelography. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2009;30:516–19 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A1294 pmid:18842766

    Abstract/FREE Full Text