Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIG 1.
A 35-year-old man with trauma and MR imaging demonstrating a spinal fluid collection worrisome for CSF leak. Postmyelographic CT (A and B) reveals a ventral epidural fluid collection in the cervical spinal canal with right foraminal extension corresponding to an epidural CSF. A sagittal postmyelographic CT image (C) reveals gross extravasation of contrast into the interspinous space at C7–T1 at the suspected site of a ligamentum flavum injury. Axial images in soft-tissue windows demonstrate contrast in both renal collecting systems in this CTM without visualized intravenous contrast.
- FIG 2.
Upper images demonstrate signs of intracranial hypotension on brain MR imaging as demonstrated by cerebellar tonsillar descent through the foramen magnum (A), dilated venous sinuses (B), and diffuse pachymeningeal thickening and enhancement (C). Lower images demonstrate a CT myelogram in the same patient with a subtle CSF-venous fistula in the thoracic spine (arrow) and opacified renal collecting systems.
- FIG 3.
Contrast seen in the renal excretory system (renal contrast) in dark gray and total cases in each group in light gray.
Tables
- Table 1:
Distribution of cases with clinical and/or imaging concern for CSF leak and the control group
Cases (n = 49) Controls (n = 90) Inclusion criteria Clinical suspicion and/or imaging concerning for CSF leak Degenerative changes, spinal canal stenosis, radiculopathy, preoperative planning, and so forth Age (yr) (range) 19–75 (mean, 49) 25–90 (mean, 58) Sex M = 14, F = 35 M = 33, F = 57 Group Mean HU in Right Renal Pelvis Mean HU in Left Renal Pelvis Mean HU in Renal Pelvisesa Control 68 3.2 1.8 3 Clinical- or imaging-suspected CSF leak with no contrast visualized in the renal collecting system 27 11.7 13.0 12 Suspected CSF leak with contrast visualized in the collecting system 7 132.8 128.5 131 ↵a The mean for each group was rounded to the next whole number for simplification.
