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Figures
- FIG 1.
Neonatal developmental venous anomaly complicated by focal areas of venous ischemia. A, Axial SWI shows a left parietal developmental venous anomaly with superficial drainage. B, Axial T2WI reveals small linear hypointense lesions in the surrounding WM (arrow), with corresponding hyperintensity on b = 1000 image (C, arrow) and low ADC values on the ADC map (D, arrow).
- FIG 2.
Neonatal developmental venous anomaly complicated by focal hemorrhage and diffuse WM signal abnormalities likely related to venous congestion. A, Unenhanced head CT scan demonstrates a focal area of spontaneous hyperdensity (white arrow) in the right frontal region, suggestive of recent hemorrhage. Corresponding axial gradient-echo T2*-weighted image (B) and T2WI (C) show a blooming artifact (black arrow) in the region corresponding to the hemorrhage, which subsequently regressed (not shown), and diffuse hyperintensity of the surrounding WM (arrowheads), in keeping with venous congestion. D, Sagittal contrast-enhanced T1WI reveals a large developmental venous anomaly characterized by several radially-oriented dilated veins with a caput medusae morphology and deep venous drainage (arrowheads).
- FIG 3.
Neonatal developmental venous anomalies associated with focal polymicrogyria (A and B) and supratentorial hydrocephalus (C and D) in 2 different patients. Axial SWI (A) and T2WI (B) depict a developmental venous anomaly with deep venous drainage (arrowhead) and an adjacent area of cortical abnormality consistent with focal polymicrogyria (arrow). Axial SWI (C) and sagittal postgadolinium T1WI (D) demonstrate a mesencephalic developmental venous anomaly with the venous collector (arrows) causing focal compression of the inferior third of the cerebral aqueduct and consequent dilation of the anterior recesses of the third ventricle (asterisk), in keeping with supratentorial obstructive hydrocephalus (see also On-line Fig 8).
Tables
Total(n = 58) Complicated DVA(n = 21) (36.2%) Uncomplicated DVA (n = 37) (63.2%) P Valuea Location (%) .44 Frontal 24 (41.4) 9 (42.9) 15 (40.5) Parieto-occipital 16 (27.7) 6 (28.6) 10 (27) Temporal 8 (13.8) 3 (14.3) 5 (13.5) Basal ganglia/thalami 5 (8.6) 0 (0) 5 (13.5) Brain stem 2 (3.4) 1 (4.8) 1 (2.7) Cerebellum 3 (5.2) 2 (9.5) 1 (2.7) Infratentorial (%) 5 (8.6) 3 (14.3) 2 (5.4) .34 Right side (%) 33 (56.9) 13 (61.9) 20 (54.1) .59 Multiple collectors (%) 9 (15.5) 7 (33.3) 2 (5.4) .008b Main collector caliber (median) (IQR) (mm) 1.6 (1.18–2.10) 2.1 (1.95–2.30) 1.2 (1–1.6) <.001b Drainage (%) .70 Deep 31 (53.4) 11 (52.4) 20 (54.1) Superficial 19 (32.8) 6 (28.6) 13 (35.1) Both 8 (13.8) 4 (19) 4 (10.8) Note:—IQR indicates interquartile range.
↵a P values for group comparisons were determined by χ2 or Fisher exact tests for categoric variables or by Mann-Whitney U tests for continuous variables, as appropriate.
↵b Value statistically significant (statistical significance was set at P < .0083 after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons).
MRI Abnormalities Neonatal Perioda (n = 15) Last Follow-Upa (n = 10) WM T2 signal abnormalities 7 Reduced 2/5 Stable 1/5 Complete regression, 2/5 Restricted diffusion foci 4 Total regression, 2/2 Hemorrhagic foci 8 Gliosis with or without hemosiderin deposits, 3/3 Multiple CCM 2b Stable, 1/2 Growth, 1/2 PMG 2 Stable, 2/2 Calcifications 2 Stable, 2/2 Triventricular hydrocephalus 1 Resolution, 1/1c Draining venous varix thrombosis 1 Recanalization, 1/1
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