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Figures
- Fig 1.
Example images showing BALI rating. Regions highlighted by black squares are magnified in rows underneath. Black arrows indicate targeted lesions. GM-SV indicates gray matter lesions and subcortical dilated perivascular spaces; DWM, deep white matter lesions; PV, periventricular white matter lesions; BG, lesions in the basal ganglia and surrounding areas; IT, lesions in the infratentorial regions; GA, global atrophy. (a), multiple dilated perivascular spaces could be seen at 1.5T but were more readily observed at 3T. (b), T2WI at both 3T and 1.5T showed the beginning of confluence hyperintensity foci in the bilateral parietal lobes, whereas on T1WI, only punctuate hypointensity foci were observed. (c), each image showed the pencil-thin lining lesion, scored as 1. (d), each image showed large confluent lesions, scored as 3. (e), lesions were seen more easily by T2WI than by T1WI at both 3T and 1.5T. (f), images showed severe atrophy with obviously dilated ventricles and widened sulci.
- Fig 2.
Interrater agreement for the BALI rating. Images were rated by 3 raters independently by use of 20% of randomly selected subsample. The interrater agreement was calculated for the total scores (interval data) by use of intraclass correlation coefficient, whereas that for the category subscores (categoric data) used Cohen κ. IT indicates lesions in the infratentorial regions; BG, lesions in the basal ganglia and surrounding areas; PV, periventricular white matter lesions; GM-SV, gray matter lesions and subcortical dilated perivascular spaces; GA, global atrophy; DWM, deep white matter lesions. Bars from dark to light-gray: 3T T1WI, 1.5T T1WI, 3T T2WI, and 1.5T T2WI. Error bars indicate standard deviation of the mean value in a 2-way random model, with subject-sample and rater as random factors.
- Fig 3.
Relationships between BALI total scores. Symbols: diamonds indicate Alzheimer disease (AD, n = 37); squares, mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 45); triangles, healthy control subjects (HC, n = 45). Dotted diagonal line indicates x-values = y-values. Solid line indicates the linear fit y = a + bx. A, T1WI, 3T versus 1.5T (y-axis versus x-axis; a = 1.47, b = 0.92, r = 0.94; P < .001). B, T2WI, 3T versus 1.5T (a = 1.46, b = 0.93, r = 0.93; P < .001). C, 3T T2WI versus T1WI (a = 2.64, b = 0.86, r = 0.93, P < .001). D, 1.5T T2WI versus T1WI (a = 2.57, b = 0.86, r = 0.94; P < .001).
Tables
AD MCI HC K-W/χ2 P Sample size, n 37 45 45 Women, % 59.5 31.1 62.2 10.43 .005 Age, y 74.0 ± 7.9 75.7 ± 7.2 76.8 ± 4.9 1.73 .420 Education, y 14.1 ± 3.3 16.3 ± 2.9 16.2 ± 2.2 12.40 .002 CDR (/3)# 0.8 ± 0.3 (1.0) 0.5 ± 0.1 (0.5) 0 ± 0.1 (0) 141.50 <.001 MMSE (/30) 22.1 ± 4.4 26.4 ± 2.7 28.9 ± 1.2 67.78 <.001 ADAS-cog (/70) 19.6 ± 8.9 12.3 ± 6.0 5.6 ± 3.2 66.54 <.001 Aβ1–42, pg/mL 149.4 ± 36.1 169.7 ± 44.7 212.9 ± 57.2 16.27 <.001 τ, pg/mL 121.2 ± 47.3 94.7 ± 62.6 68.3 ± 29.1 16.94 <.001 p-τ, pg/mL 45.9 ± 19.5 31.2 ± 15.1 24.6 ± 13.9 17.35 <.001 Note:—Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, otherwise as indicated. CSF biomarker data were available from a portion of the ADNI sample at baseline (AD = 21, MCI = 28, HC = 23).
CDR indicates Clinical Dementia Rating Scale; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; ADAS-cog, Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale–cognitive subscale; Aβ1–42, amyloid-β-peptides 1–42; τ, total τ protein; p-τ, phospho-τ proteins; K-W/χ2, statistics for the Kruskal-Wallis test.
- Table 2:
Brain Atrophy and Lesion Index total score in relation to age and cognitive testing scores
BALI Total Score Age MMSE Total ADAS-cog Total Image Type Field Strength r r2 T P r r2 T P r r2 T P T1WI 3T 0.39 0.15 4.75 <.001 0.44 0.19 −5.50 <.001 0.43 0.18 5.31 <.001 1.5T 0.40 0.16 4.80 <.001 0.42 0.18 −5.23 <.001 0.38 0.14 4.58 <.001 T2WI 3T 0.37 0.14 4.50 <.001 0.42 0.18 −5.10 <.001 0.40 0.16 4.86 <.001 1.5T 0.38 0.14 4.53 <.001 0.42 0.18 −5.23 <.001 0.38 0.14 4.60 <.001 Note:—MMSE indicates Mini-Mental State Examination; ADAS-cog, Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale–cognitive subscale.
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