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The current definition of TIA calls for normal imaging including DWI. Here the authors used arterial spin-labeling perfusion to detect abnormalities in nearly 50 patients within 24 hours of symptom onset and in 36 controls. The sensitivity and specificity of ASL in TIA diagnosis was 55.8% and 90.7%, respectively, and in nearly 94% of readings abnormalities that matched the clinical neurologic deficits were identified by the 3 observers. Thus, ASL perfusion is promising in evaluating and understanding TIAs.