Ex vivo Evaluation of ADC Values within Spinal Cord White Matter Tracts

References

1. ↵
   Schwartz ED, Shumsky JS, Wehrli S, Tessler A, Murray M, Hackney DB. Ex vivo MR determined apparent diffusion coefficients correlate with motor recovery mediated by intraspinal transplants of fibroblasts genetically modified to express BDNF. Exp Neurol 2003;182:49–63

   CrossRefPubMed
2. ↵
   Schwartz ED, Chin CL, Takahashi M, Hwang SN, Hackney DB. Diffusion-weighted imaging of the spinal cord. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2002;12:125–146

   PubMed
3. ↵
   Schwartz ED, Hackney DB. Diffusion-weighted MRI and the evaluation of spinal cord axonal integrity following injury and treatment. Exp Neurol 2003;184:570–589

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
4. ↵
   Nevo U, Hauben E, Yoles E, et al. Diffusion anisotropy MRI for quantitative assessment of recovery in injured rat spinal cord. Magn Reson Med 2001;45:1–9

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
5. ↵
   Ford JC, Hackney DB, Alsop DC, et al. MRIcharacterization of diffusion coefficients in a rat spinal cord injury model. Magn Reson Med 1994;31:488–494

   PubMedWeb of Science
6. ↵
   Zaborszky L, Heimer L. Combinations of tracer techniques, especially HRP and PHA-L, with transmitter identification for correlated light and electron microscopic studies. In: Heimer L, Zaborszky L, eds. Neuroanatomical Tract-Tracing Methods 2. New York, NY: Plenum Press,1989 :49–96
7. Kiernan JA. Formaldehyde, formalin, paraformaldehyde and glutaraldehyde: What they are and what they do. Microscopy Today 2000;1:8–12
8. ↵
   Hayat MA. Principles and Techniques of Electron Microscopy. 3rd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, Inc.;1989
9. Mesulam M-M. Principles of horseradish peroxidase neurohistochemistry and their applications for tracing neural pathways - axonal transport, enzyme histochemistry and light microscopic analysis. In: Mesulam M-M, ed. Tracing Neural Connections with Horseradish Peroxidase. Chichester, England: John Wiley & Sons;1982 :1–152
10. Richards JG. Ultrastructural histochemistry of nervous tissue. In: Heym C, Forssman W-G, eds. Techniques in Neuroanatomical Research. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag;1981
11. ↵
    Weiss L. The Cell. In: Weiss L, ed. Histology: Cell and Tissue Biology. New York, NY: Elsevier Biomedical;1983
12. ↵
    Keita M, Magy L, Richard L, Piaser M, Vallat JM. LR white post-embedding colloidal gold method to immunostain MBP, P0, NF and S100 in glutaraldehyde fixed peripheral nerve tissue. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2002;7:128–133

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
13. ↵
    Feirabend HK, Choufoer H, Ploeger S. Preservation and staining of myelinated nerve fibers. Methods 1998;15:123–131

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
14. ↵
    Baccarini I, Powell EW. A comparison of fixation by formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde-formaldehyde for combined light and electron microscopy of axonal degeneration in the mamillary body. Stain Technol 1973;48:77–83

    PubMed
15. ↵
    Stejskal EO, Tanner JE. Spin diffusion measurements: Spin echoes in the presence of a time-dependent field gradient. J Chem Phys 1965;42:288–292

    CrossRef
16. ↵
    Molander C, Gunnar G. Spinal cord cytoarchitecture. In: Paxinos G, ed. The Rat Nervous System. San Diego, Ca: Academic Press, Inc.;1995 :39–45
17. Tracey DJ. Ascending and descending pathways in the spinal cord. In: Paxinos G, ed. The Rat Nervous System. San Diego, Ca: Academic Press, Inc.;1995 :67–80
18. Raineteau O, Fouad K, Bareyre FM, Schwab ME. Reorganization of descending motor tracts in the rat spinal cord. Eur J Neurosci 2002;16:1761–1771

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
19. ↵
    Kuchler M, Fouad K, Weinmann O, Schwab ME, Raineteau O. Red nucleus projections to distinct motor neuron pools in the rat spinal cord. J Comp Neurol 2002;448:349–359

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
20. ↵
    Buckley DL, Bui JD, Phillips MI, et al. The effect of ouabain on water diffusion in the rat hippocampal slice measured by high resolution NMR imaging. Magn Reson Med 1999;41:137–142

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
21. Inglis BA, Bossart EL, Buckley DL, Wirth ED, III, Mareci TH. Visualization of neural tissue water compartments using biexponential diffusion tensor MRI. Magn Reson Med 2001;45:580–587

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
22. Grant SC, Buckley DL, Gibbs S, Webb AG, Blackband SJ. MR microscopy of multicomponent diffusion in single neurons. Magn Reson Med 2001;46:1107–1112

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
23. ↵
    Shepherd TM, Thelwall PE, Blackband SJ, Pike BR, Hayes RL, Wirth ED, III. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging study of a rat hippocampal slice model for acute brain injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2003;23:1461–1470

    PubMed
24. ↵
    Elshafiey I, Bilgen M, He R, Narayana PA. In vivo diffusion tensor imaging of rat spinal cord at 7 T. Magn Reson Imaging 2002;20:243–247

    CrossRefPubMed
25. ↵
    Beaulieu C. The basis of anisotropic water diffusion in the nervous system: A technical review. NMR Biomed 2002;15:435–455

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
26. ↵
    Rugg-Gunn FJ, Symms MR, Barker GJ, Greenwood R, Duncan JS. Diffusion imaging shows abnormalities after blunt head trauma when conventional magnetic resonance imaging is normal. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2001;70:530–533

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
27. Chan JH, Tsui EY, Peh WC, et al. Diffuse axonal injury: detection of changes in anisotropy of water diffusion by diffusion-weighted imaging. Neuroradiology 2003;45:34–38

    PubMedWeb of Science
28. ↵
    Arfanakis K, Haughton VM, Carew JD, Rogers BP, Dempsey RJ, Meyerand ME. Diffusion tensor MR imaging in diffuse axonal injury. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2002;23:794–802

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
29. ↵
    Horsfield MA, Jones DK. Applications of diffusion-weighted and diffusion tensor MRI to white matter diseases: A review. NMR Biomed 2002;15:570–577

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
30. ↵
    Ahrens ET, Laidlaw DH, Readhead C, Brosnan CF, Fraser SE, Jacobs RE. MR microscopy of transgenic mice that spontaneously acquire experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Magn Reson Med 1998;40:119–132

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
31. ↵
    Gulani V, Webb AG, Duncan ID, Lauterbur PC. Apparent diffusion tensor measurements in myelin-deficient rat spinal cords. Magn Reson Med 2001;45:191–195

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
32. ↵
    Song SK, Sun SW, Ramsbottom MJ, Chang C, Russell J, Cross AH. Dysmyelination revealed through MRI as increased radial (but unchanged axial) diffusion of water. Neuroimage 2002;17:1429–1436

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
33. ↵
    Takahashi M, Hackney DB, Zhang G, et al. Magnetic resonance microimaging of intraaxonal water diffusion in live excised lamprey spinal cord. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002;99:16192–16196

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
34. ↵
    Takahashi M, Ono J, Harada K, Maeda M, Hackney DB. Diffusional anisotropy in cranial nerves with maturation: quantitative evaluation with diffusion MR imaging in rats. Radiology 2000;216:881–885

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
35. ↵
    Beaulieu C, Allen PS. Water diffusion in the giant axon of the squid: implications for diffusion-weighted MRI of the nervous system. Magn Reson Med 1994;32:579–583

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
36. ↵
    Beaulieu C, Allen PS. Determinants of anisotropic water diffusion in nerves. Magn Reson Med 1994;31:394–400

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
37. ↵
    Kinoshita Y, Ohnishi A, Kohshi K, Yokota A. Apparent diffusion coefficient on rat brain and nerves intoxicated with methylmercury. Environ Res 1999;80:348–354

    PubMed
38. ↵
    Griffin JW, George EB, Hsieh S-T, Glass JD. Axonal degeneration and disorders of the axonal cytoskeleton. In: Waxman SG, Kocsis JD, Stys PK, eds. The Axon: Structure, Function and Pathophysiology. New York, NY: Oxford University Press;1995:375–390
39. ↵
    Nixon RA, Paskevich PA, Sihag RK, Thayer CY. Phosphorylation on carboxyl terminus domains of neurofilament proteins in retinal ganglion cell neurons in vivo: influences on regional neurofilament accumulation, interneurofilament spacing, and axon caliber. J Cell Biol 1994;126:1031–1046

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
40. ↵
    Friede RL, Samorajski T. Axon caliber related to neurofilaments and microtubules in sciatic nerve fibers of rats and mice. Anat Rec 1970;167:379–387

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
41. ↵
    Hirano A, Llena JF. Morphology of central nervous system axons. In: Waxman SG, Kocsis JD, Stys PK, eds. The Axon: Structure, Function and Pathophysiology. New York, NY: Oxford University Press;1995:49–67
42. ↵
    Ono J, Harada K, Takahashi M, et al. Differentiation between dysmyelination and demyelination using magnetic resonance diffusional anisotropy. Brain Res 1995;671:141–148

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
43. ↵
    Brady ST, Witt AS, Kirkpatrick LL, et al. Formation of compact myelin is required for maturation of the axonal cytoskeleton. J Neurosci 1999;19:7278–7288

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
44. ↵
    Kirkpatrick LL, Witt AS, Payne HR, Shine HD, Brady ST. Changes in microtubule stability and density in myelin-deficient shiverer mouse CNS axons. J Neurosci 2001;21:2288–2297

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
45. ↵
    Song SK, Sun SW, Ju WK, Lin SJ, Cross AH, Neufeld AH. Diffusion tensor imaging detects and differentiates axon and myelin degeneration in mouse optic nerve after retinal ischemia. Neuroimage 2003;20:1714–1722

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
46. ↵
    Schwartz ED, Yezierski RP, Pattany PM, Quencer RM, Weaver RG. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging in a rat model of syringomyelia after excitotoxic spinal cord injury. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1999;20:1422–1428

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
47. ↵
    Schuz A, Palm G. Density of neurons and synapses in the cerebral cortex of the mouse. J Comp Neurol 1989;286:442–455

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
48. ↵
    Ford JC, Hackney DB, Lavi E, Phillips M, Patel U. Dependence of apparent diffusion coefficients on axonal spacing, membrane permeability, and diffusion time in spinal cord white matter. J Magn Reson Imaging 1998;8:775–782

    PubMedWeb of Science
49. ↵
    Chin CL, Wehrli FW, Hwang SN, Takahashi M, Hackney DB. Biexponential diffusion attenuation in the rat spinal cord: Computer simulations based on anatomic images of axonal architecture. Magn Reson Med 2002;47:455–460

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
50. ↵
    Sun SW, Neil JJ, Song SK. Relative indices of water diffusion anisotropy are equivalent in live and formalin-fixed mouse brains. Magn Reson Med 2003;50:743–748

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
51. ↵
    Schwartz ED, Cooper ET, Fan Y, et al. MRI diffusion coefficients in spinal cord correlate with axon morphometry. Neuroreport 2005;16:73–76

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science