RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Ex vivo Evaluation of ADC Values within Spinal Cord White Matter Tracts JF American Journal of Neuroradiology JO Am. J. Neuroradiol. FD American Society of Neuroradiology SP 390 OP 397 VO 26 IS 2 A1 Schwartz, Eric D. A1 Cooper, Emily T. A1 Chin, Chih-Liang A1 Wehrli, Suzanne A1 Tessler, Alan A1 Hackney, David B. YR 2005 UL http://www.ajnr.org/content/26/2/390.abstract AB BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Our purpose was to evaluate the effect of fixative on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and anisotropy within spinal cord white matter. As glutaraldehyde (GL) better preserves axonal ultrastructure as compared with paraformaldehyde (PF), we hypothesize that spinal cord white matter fixed with GL will have increased anisotropic water diffusion as compared with specimens fixed with PF.METHODS: Eleven rats were perfusion-fixed with either 4% PF or a combination of 2.5% GL and 4% PF. Diffusion-weighted imaging of the ex vivo spinal cord was performed using a 9.4T magnet with b values up to 3100 s/mm2. In-plane resolution was 39 μm × 39 μm, and section thickness was 500 μm.RESULTS: Overall, animals fixed with a combination of GL and PF (GL-PF) showed a greater increase in longitudinal ADC (lADC) as compared to those fixed with PF only, without differences in transverse ADC (tADC). As a consequence of the increased lADC, overall anisotropic diffusion increased in those animals fixed with GL-PF, as measured with an anisotropy index (AI = tADC/lADC). Evaluation of specific tracts demonstrated that lADC for animals fixed with GL-PF were significantly elevated in the rubrospinal, vestibulospinal, and reticulospinal tracts as compared with animals fixed with PF only.CONCLUSION: Using a fixative of GL-PL results in increased anisotropy (decreased AI values) in spinal cord white matter tracts, as compared with PF fixation only, largely owing to increases in the lADC values. This finding may be due to better fixation of intra-axonal cytoskeletal proteins that results when GL is combined with PF and sheds further light on underlying sources of anisotropic water diffusion in CNS white matter.