Black hole sign under anticoagulant therapy: A retrospective comparison of warfarin and direct oral anticoagulants

From the Department of Neurosurgery (Hirotaka Sato, Manabu Kinoshita), Department of Radiology (Masahiro Toda), Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery (Takahiro Sanada, Teruo Kimura), Department of Radiology (Kiyoshi Choji) Japanese Red Kitami Cross Hospital, Kitami, Hokkaido, Japan; the Department of Neurosurgery (Takuma Takano), Sapporo Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; the Department of Neurosurgery and Stroke Center (Seiya Fujikawa), Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

From the Department of Neurosurgery (Hirotaka Sato, Manabu Kinoshita), Department of Radiology (Masahiro Toda), Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery (Takahiro Sanada, Teruo Kimura), Department of Radiology (Kiyoshi Choji) Japanese Red Kitami Cross Hospital, Kitami, Hokkaido, Japan; the Department of Neurosurgery (Takuma Takano), Sapporo Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; the Department of Neurosurgery and Stroke Center (Seiya Fujikawa), Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

From the Department of Neurosurgery (Hirotaka Sato, Manabu Kinoshita), Department of Radiology (Masahiro Toda), Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery (Takahiro Sanada, Teruo Kimura), Department of Radiology (Kiyoshi Choji) Japanese Red Kitami Cross Hospital, Kitami, Hokkaido, Japan; the Department of Neurosurgery (Takuma Takano), Sapporo Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; the Department of Neurosurgery and Stroke Center (Seiya Fujikawa), Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

From the Department of Neurosurgery (Hirotaka Sato, Manabu Kinoshita), Department of Radiology (Masahiro Toda), Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery (Takahiro Sanada, Teruo Kimura), Department of Radiology (Kiyoshi Choji) Japanese Red Kitami Cross Hospital, Kitami, Hokkaido, Japan; the Department of Neurosurgery (Takuma Takano), Sapporo Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; the Department of Neurosurgery and Stroke Center (Seiya Fujikawa), Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

From the Department of Neurosurgery (Hirotaka Sato, Manabu Kinoshita), Department of Radiology (Masahiro Toda), Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery (Takahiro Sanada, Teruo Kimura), Department of Radiology (Kiyoshi Choji) Japanese Red Kitami Cross Hospital, Kitami, Hokkaido, Japan; the Department of Neurosurgery (Takuma Takano), Sapporo Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; the Department of Neurosurgery and Stroke Center (Seiya Fujikawa), Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

From the Department of Neurosurgery (Hirotaka Sato, Manabu Kinoshita), Department of Radiology (Masahiro Toda), Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery (Takahiro Sanada, Teruo Kimura), Department of Radiology (Kiyoshi Choji) Japanese Red Kitami Cross Hospital, Kitami, Hokkaido, Japan; the Department of Neurosurgery (Takuma Takano), Sapporo Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; the Department of Neurosurgery and Stroke Center (Seiya Fujikawa), Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

From the Department of Neurosurgery (Hirotaka Sato, Manabu Kinoshita), Department of Radiology (Masahiro Toda), Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery (Takahiro Sanada, Teruo Kimura), Department of Radiology (Kiyoshi Choji) Japanese Red Kitami Cross Hospital, Kitami, Hokkaido, Japan; the Department of Neurosurgery (Takuma Takano), Sapporo Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; the Department of Neurosurgery and Stroke Center (Seiya Fujikawa), Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

From the Department of Neurosurgery (Hirotaka Sato, Manabu Kinoshita), Department of Radiology (Masahiro Toda), Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery (Takahiro Sanada, Teruo Kimura), Department of Radiology (Kiyoshi Choji) Japanese Red Kitami Cross Hospital, Kitami, Hokkaido, Japan; the Department of Neurosurgery (Takuma Takano), Sapporo Higashi Tokushukai Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan; the Department of Neurosurgery and Stroke Center (Seiya Fujikawa), Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan