Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIG 1.
Histopathologic features of low-grade (A) and high-grade (B) ependymomas. A, Modestly cellular low-grade ependymoma, with broad perivascular pseudorosettes, devoid of mitotic activity. B, Densely cellular high-grade ependymoma, with a narrower perivascular pseudorosette, microvascular proliferation, and mitotic activity.
- FIG 2.
Examples of low-grade ependymomas (A, B, and C). A, T1-weighted postcontrast axial image demonstrates an enhancing mass in the inferior fourth ventricle and along the lower pons and dorsal medulla. B, Vp perfusion map shows mild elevation of Vp, 5.43. C, ADC map shows mildly elevated ADC values (579 mm2/s). Examples of high-grade ependymomas (D, E, and F). D, T1-weighted postcontrast axial image shows a heterogeneously enhancing partially cystic mass centered within the fourth ventricle with mass effect. E, Vp map shows areas of cystic changes and necrosis but also foci of elevated Vp (19.39), suggesting high vascularity. F, ADC map shows overall increased values with scattered areas of low ADC (514 mm2/s). The highlighted areas show the enhancing tumor in the inferior fourth ventricle; low-grade ependymoma, images A, B and C and high-grade ependymoma, images D, E and F.
- FIG 3.
Boxplot of normalized Vp and ADC between low-grade and high-grade ependymomas.
- FIG 4.
ROC curve of Vp (blue) and ADC (green) values to differentiate low- and high-grade of ependymoma (reference line: red).
Tables
Demographic data, location of tumor, field strength of scanner, and normalized VPmax and ADCmin values
Histopathology Age Location Sex Field Strength rVPmax rADCmin Low-grade ependymoma 21 Posterior Fossa M 3T 2.57 0.8 Low-grade ependymoma 72 Supratentorial M 3T 0.95 1.02 Low-grade ependymoma 51 Posterior Fossa F 3T 1.09 0.91 Low-grade ependymoma 70 Posterior Fossa M 3T 1.8 0.9 Low-grade ependymoma 20 Posterior Fossa M 3T 1.53 0.73 Low-grade ependymoma 57 Posterior Fossa M 3T 2.75 0.85 Low-grade ependymoma 36 Posterior Fossa M 3T 1.41 0.89 Low-grade ependymoma 58 Posterior Fossa M 1.5T 2.98 0.93 Low-grade ependymoma 9 Supratentorial F 3T 2.12 0.92 Low-grade ependymoma 13 Posterior Fossa M 3T 2.93 0.85 Anaplastic ependymoma 16 Posterior Fossa M 1.5T 16.29 0.73 Anaplastic ependymoma 14 Posterior Fossa M 3T 21.56 0.79 Anaplastic ependymoma 59 Supratentorial M 1.5T 5.43 0.29 Anaplastic ependymoma 29 Supratentorial F 3T 23.19 0.53 Anaplastic ependymoma 32 Supratentorial F 3T 11.11 0.9 Anaplastic ependymoma 58 Supratentorial M 1.5T 7.07 1.15 Anaplastic ependymoma 6 Posterior Fossa F 3T 21.9 0.99 Anaplastic ependymoma 42 Supratentorial F 1.5T 22.5 0.83 Anaplastic ependymoma 10 Posterior Fossa F 3T 10.04 0.51 Anaplastic ependymoma 31 Posterior Fossa F 3T 10.4 0.83 Note:—rVPmax indicates relative maximum plama volume, rADCmin, relative ADCmin.
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