Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIG 1.
Comparison of normal and remodeled basiocciput and posterior atlanto-occipital membranes. A and B, Sagittal CT images demonstrate the normal appearance of the basiocciput (arrow in A) and outward convexity of the basiocciput (arrow in B). C and D, Sagittal T2-weighted images demonstrate the normal appearance of the PAOM (arrow in C) and outward convexity of the PAOM (arrow in D). Image insets demonstrate larger FOV sagittal images and the location of corresponding zoomed-in FOV.
- FIG 2.
Sagittal CT of the skull base demonstrating outward convexity of the basiocciput in a 10-month-old infant with CM2. Basiocciput length is measured from the basion to the dorsal spheno-occipital synchondrosis. Convexity is measured as the maximum distance orthogonal to the length line.
- FIG 3.
Sagittal T2-weighted image of the posterior craniocervical junction in a 1-month-old infant with CM2. C1-opisthion length is measured from the posterior C1 arch to the opisthion. Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane convexity is measured as the maximum distance orthogonal to the length line.
- FIG 4.
Basiocciput convexity is increased in patients requiring HT. Basiocciput convexity (millimeters) was measured in all patients requiring HT and not requiring HT. Patients were then stratified by prenatal or postnatal repair of the ONTD and basiocciput convexities and were compared. Bars represent the mean (SD) with triple asterisks P < .001 representing statistical significance as determined by an unpaired Student t test.
- FIG 5.
An increase in basiocciput convexity was associated with a higher percentage of patients requiring HT. The percentage of patients requiring HT at varying basiocciput convexities (1–4+ mm) was determined in the combined prenatal and postnatal cohorts.
Tables
- Table 1:
CT and MR imaging data of patients who underwent either prenatal or postnatal surgical repair of an ONTD, according to whether they required HTa
HT No HT P Value Combined prenatal and postnatal Mean basiocciput convexity (mm) 2.6 (SD, 0.9) 1.6 (SD, 0.9) <.001 Mean basiocciput length (mm) 15.2 (SD, 1.8) 17.3 (SD, 2.2) <.001 Mean basiocciput convexity/length ratio 0.17 (SD, 0.06) 0.1 (SD, 0.06) <.001 Mean convexity of PAOM (mm) 2.6 (SD, 1.6) 1.9 (SD, 1.4) .003 Mean lateral ventricle width (mm) 35.1 (SD, 26.2) 29.4 (SD, 9.9) .10 Mean FOD (mm) 134.8 (SD, 17.2) 152.2 (SD, 15.5) <.001 Mean PFD (mm) 51.4 (SD, 9.2) 65.9 (SD, 9.6) <.001 Mean FOD/PFD ratio 2.7 (SD, 0.4) 2.3 (SD, 0.2) <.001 Prenatal only Mean basiocciput convexity (mm) 2.3 (SD, 0.7) 1.5 (SD, 0.8) <.001 Mean basiocciput length (mm) 15.6 (SD, 2.1) 17.7 (SD, 2.2) <.001 Mean basiocciput convexity/length ratio 0.15 (SD, 0.05) 0.08 (SD, 0.05) <.001 Mean convexity of PAOM (mm) 2.6 (SD, 1.9) 1.9 (SD, 1.4) .09 Mean lateral ventricle width (mm) 35 (SD, 10.9) 28.8 (SD, 9.9) .02 Mean FOD (mm) 140.5 (SD, 19.0) 154.2 (SD, 12.6) <.001 Mean PFD (mm) 56 (SD, 10.4) 67.3 (SD, 8.0 <.001 Mean FOD/PFD ratio 2.6 (SD, 0.3) 2.3 (SD, 0.2) <.001 Postnatal only Mean basiocciput convexity (mm) 2.8 (SD, 0.9) 1.9 (SD, 1.0) <.001 Mean basiocciput length (mm) 15 (SD, 1.6) 16.5 (SD, 2.0) .002 Mean basiocciput convexity/length ratio 0.19 (SD, 0.06) 0.12 (SD, 0.07) <.001 Mean convexity of PAOM (mm) 2.7 (SD, 1.5) 1.8 (SD, 1.5) .02 Mean lateral ventricle width (mm) 35.1 (SD, 31.2) 30.7 (SD, 10.0) .53 Mean FOD (mm) 131.6 (SD, 15.5) 148 (SD, 20.0) <.001 Mean PFD (mm) 48.9 (SD, 7.5) 62.8 (SD, 11.8) <.001 Mean FOD/PFD ratio 2.7 (SD, 0.4) 2.4 (SD, 0.2) <.001 ↵a Data are presented as mean (SD). P values were determined by an unpaired Student t test.
- Table 2:
CT and MR imaging data of all patients regardless of whether they received HT, according to whether they received prenatal or postnatal surgical repair of an ONTDa
All patients Prenatal Postnatal P Value Mean basiocciput convexity (mm) 1.8 (SD, 0.9) 2.5 (SD, 1.0) <.001 Mean basiocciput length (mm) 16.9 (SD, 2.4) 15.4 (SD, 1.9) <.001 Mean basiocciput convexity/length ratio 0.11 (SD, 0.06) 0.17 (SD, 0.07) <.001 Mean convexity of PAOM (mm) 2.2 (SD, 1.6) 2.4 (SD, 1.5) .35 Mean lateral ventricle width (mm) 31.1 (SD, 10.6) 33.8 (SD, 27.0) .44 Mean FOD (mm) 149.1 (SD, 16.6) 136.6 (SD, 18.4) <.001 Mean PFD (mm) 63.1 (SD, 10.5) 53.1 (SD, 11.1) <.001 Mean FOD/PFD ratio 2.4 (SD, 0.3) 2.6 (SD, 0.4) <.001 ↵a Data are presented as mean (SD). P values were determined by an unpaired Student t test.
Jump to section
Related Articles
Cited By...
- No citing articles found.