Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIG 1.
The different k-space data acquisitions. On the left side, the standard acquisition that sequentially acquires adjacent lines in the grid, with an example shot given as bigger dots in blue. The image on the right represents DISORDER’s “random-checkered” acquisition, in which every shot acquires distributed information in k-space with a certain degree of randomness.
- FIG 2.
Estimated motion in relation to age. Older children tended to move less than younger ones. This was statistically significant for MPRAGE (A) and FLAIR (C) but not for TSE (B).
- FIG 3.
The reduction in gradient entropy by motion correction (DiOut compared with Aq) relative to the estimated amount of motion for every participant in all 3 modalities: MPRAGE (A), TSE (B), and FLAIR (C).
- FIG 4.
Differences in gradient entropy before and after motion correction (Di in A and DiOut in B) in relation to intrascan motion for the FLAIR images. The highlighted outlier datapoint (red circle) is shown on the bottom row. The example images show the reconstruction outcome in the participant with the highest intrascan motion. In this case, GE decreased after motion correction (more in the DiOut image), which visually relates to observers’ score that improved from unreadable (1) in the Aq image (C) to good and excellent (3/4) in Di (D) and DiOut (E), respectively.
- FIG 5.
A, Three individual cases of MPRAGE images before and after motion correction and the corresponding motion trace displaying translations (Tra) and rotations (Rot) in 3 directions: anteroposterior (AP), left–right (LR), and foot–head (FH). B, High motion. C, Moderate motion. D, Little to no motion.
- FIG 6.
Scores before and after motion correction (DiOut) for all modalities. Red and blue correspond to observer 1 and 2’s scores, respectively. The dot indicates the score before motion correction, and the triangle indicates the score after correction. Motion correction generally improved the image quality from a radiologic perspective.
- FIG 7.
FLAIR images with and without motion correction. The red arrows highlight an area of focal cortical dysplasia in the left mesial frontoparietal region. These abnormalities are clearly better appreciated after applying DISORDER.
Tables
Descriptive demographics of the study population
Characteristics Healthy Control Participants Patients with Epilepsy Total Number 25 7 32 Age at scan (years) Mean + SD 11.32 ± 4.8 11.6 ± 3.7 11.4 ± 4.5 1–5 3 0 3 6–10 9 3 12 11–15 7 3 10 16–18 6 1 7 Sex Male 13 3 16 Female 12 4 16
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