Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIG 1.
Representative imaging examples of ICH correctly detected by RAPID. A. Primary intraparenchymal hemorrhage within the right thalamus and posterior limb of the right internal capsule (red outline by RAPID). B. Small extra-axial subdural hematoma overlying the right cerebral hemisphere (red outline by RAPID). C. Subarachnoid hemorrhage (red outline by RAPID). D. Subarachnoid and intraventricular (right and left lateral, third, and fourth ventricles) hemorrhage (red outline by RAPID).
- FIG 2.
Representative false-positive and false-negative ICH examples. A. RAPID incorrectly detected ICH (false-positive result) in a patient with volume averaging in the anterior cranial fossa and beam-hardening artifact in the posterior fossa (red outlines by RAPID). B. RAPID failed to detect ICH (false-negative result) in a patient intraparenchymal hemorrhage in the left thalamus (yellow arrow). C. RAPID failed to detect ICH (false-negative result) in a patient with a small amount of subarachnoid and intraventricular hemorrhage (yellow arrows).
- FIG 3.
Intraparenchymal and intraventricular hemorrhage volumetric agreement between RAPID and expert interpretation. A and B, Representative example of an intraparenchymal hemorrhage in the right basal ganglia. Manual segmentation by a neuroradiologist (A, green outline) is well correlated with automated segmentation by RAPID ICH (B, red outline). C. Scatterplot denotes volumetric agreement between RAPID and expert evaluation for NCCT with isolated intraparenchymal or intraventricular hemorrhage.
Tables
All ICH− ICH+ P Valuea Sex Female, n (%) 117 (38.0) 53 (33.5) 64 (42.7) <.0002 Male, n (%) 164 (53.3) 81 (51.3) 83 (55.3) Unknown, n (%) 27 (8.8) 24 (15.2) 3 (2.0) Age 20–39 years, n (%) 33 (10.9) 15 (9.9) 18 (12.0) .5692 40–59 years, n (%) 78 (25.8) 43 (28.3) 35 (23.3) 60+ years, n (%) 191 (63.3) 94 (61.8) 97 (64.7) ↵a For a Pearson chi-square test of independence.
RAPID vs Consensus Truth Consensus = Truth n = 308 1 (positive) 0 (negative) Total RAPID 1 (positive) 151 7 158 0 (negative) 7 143 150 Total 158 150 308 Measure Estimate Lower 95% CI Upper 95% CI Prevalence 0.513 0.457 0.568 Sensitivity 0.956 0.911 0.978 Specificity 0.953 0.907 0.977 PPV 0.956 0.911 0.978 NPV 0.953 0.907 0.977 Positive LR 20.479 9.928 42.245 Negative LR 0.046 0.023 0.096
