Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIG 1.
Flow diagram explaining the reasons for exclusion of a number of carotid arteries in the final data analysis.
- FIG 2.
Ulceration development during follow-up and plaque composition at baseline of a 56-year-old female patient. MR imaging of carotid plaque proximal to the ulceration: precontrast T1-weighted turbo field echo sequence (A), postcontrast T1-weighted quadruple inversion recovery TSE sequence (B), T2-weighted TSE sequence (C), time-of-flight sequence (D), and MDCTA of irregular plaque at baseline (E) and of ulceration at 2-year follow-up (F). The asterisk marks the intraplaque hemorrhage. The white arrowhead points to thin-or-ruptured fibrous cap. White arrows point to the ulceration.
Tables
- Table 1:
The comparison of clinical characteristics and scan intervals between plaques with and without an ulcer at baselinea
All Baseline (n = 180) Ulcer Baseline Absent (n = 131) Ulcer Baseline Present (n = 49) P Value Characteristics Age (yr) 68 (63–73) 68 (62–73) 69 (64–73) .41 Sex (male) 127 (71%) 122 (70%) 5 (83%) .67 BMI (kg/m2) 26 (24–29) 25 (24–29) 27 (24–29) .45 Classification event 0.01 TIA 76 (42%) 64 (49%) 12 (25%) Stroke 85 (47%) 54 (41%) 31 (63%) Amaurosis fugax 19 (11%) 13 (10%) 6 (12%) Hypertension 117 (65%) 85 (65%) 32 (65%) 1.00 Hypercholesterolemia 140 (78%) 101 (77%) 39 (80%) .84 Diabetes mellitus 42 (23%) 35 (27%) 7 (14%) .11 Current smoker 43 (24%) 35 (27%) 8 (16%) .17 Interval event/MDCTA (days) 34 (15–55) 36 (16–53) 35 (13–59) .85 Interval event/MR imaging (days) 47 (30–67) 46 (30–67) 48 (28–69) .87 Interval MDCTA/MR imaging (days) 1 (1–25) 1 (1–27) 1 (1–17) .70 Note:—BMI indicates body mass index.
↵a Data are median (IQR) or No. (%).
Ulcer Absent (n = 131)Median (IQR) or No. (%) Ulcer Present (n = 49) Median (IQR) or No. (%) Binary Logistic Regression OR (95% CI) ROC Analysis AUC (95% CI) NASCET (%) 8 (0–29) 21 (0–37) 1.01 (1.00–1.03) 0.61 (0.52–0.71) ECST (%) 55 (45–65) 59 (48–70) 1.02 (1.00–1.05) Minimal diameter (mm) 4 (3.3–4.9) 3.4 (2.8–4.7) 0.06 (0.00–1.00) 0.40 (0.30–0.50) Total vessel volume (cm3) 1.41 (1.16–1.64) 1.60 (1.29–2.12) 4.9 (2.1–11.4) 0.64 (0.54–0.74) Lumen volume (cm3) 0.56 (0.45–0.72) 0.58 (0.46–0.80) 2.8 (0.6–12.1) Wall volume (cm3) 0.85 (0.70–0.98) 1.02 (0.77–1.28) 12.1 (3.5–42.0) 0.67 (0.58–0.77) % Wall volume 59 (53–66) 61 (57–68) 1.01 (0.99–1.04) LRNC presence 78 (60%) 38 (78%) 2.4 (1.1–5.0) 0.59 (0.50–0.68) % LRNC volume 1 (0–10) 15 (1–31) 1.7 (1.3–2.2) 0.70 (0.60–0.79) IPH presence 42 (32%) 27 (55%) 2.6 (1.3–5.1) 0.61 (0.52–0.71) % IPH volume 0 (0–3) 5 (0–23) 1.7 (1.3–2.2) 0.67 (0.56–0.76) Calcifications presence MR imaging 118 (90%) 44 (90%) 0.97 (0.33–2.88) % Calcifications volume MR imaging 5 (2–8) 3 (1–7) 0.73 (0.50–1.07) Calcification presence MDCTA 117 (89%) 45 (92%) 0.74 (0.23–2.38) Calcification absolute volume MDCTA (mm3) 31.4 (4.3–80.4) 15.8 (2.8–51.9) 0.99 (0.999–1.002) Thin-or-ruptured FC 45 (34%)a,b 32 (65%) 3.4 (1.7–6.7) 0.65 (0.56–0.74) - Table 3:
Characteristics of plaques with and without a new ulceration at 2-year follow-upa
New Ulceration Absent (n = 67) New Ulceration Present (n = 6) P Value NASCET (%) 16 (0–34) 11 (0–34) .95 ECST (%) 57 (47–68) 62 (53–71) .45 Minimal diameter (mm) 3.8 (2.8–4.6) 3.4 (2.9–4.8) .80 Total vessel volume (cm3) 1.49 (1.2–1.75) 1.61 (1.53–1.87) .17 Lumen volume (cm3) 0.54 (0.44–0.77) 0.59 (0.55–0.69) .43 Wall volume (cm3) 0.86 (0.73–1.00) 1.04 (0.97–1.16) .029 % Wall volume 60 (52–67) 64 (59–67) .37 LRNC presence 41 (61%) 6 (100%) .08 % LRNC volume 2 (0–14) 23 (13–31) .002 IPH presence 21 (31%) 6 (100%) .002 % IPH volume 0 (0–5) 14 (8–24) <.001 Calcifications presence MR imaging 63 (94%) 6 (100%) 1.00 % Calcifications volume MR imaging 5 (3–8) 6 (2–9) .79 Calcifications presence MDCTA 60 (90%) 5 (83%) .52 Calcifications, absolute volume MDCTA (mm3) 32.0 (7.0–100.3) 1.9 (0.8–91.3) .15 Thin-or-ruptured FC 28 (42%) 6 (100%) .009 Note:—FC indicates fibrous cap.
↵a Data are median (IQR) or No. (%).
