Selection of Patients for Treatment of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations by the Transvenous Approach: Relationship with Venous Anatomy and Risk of Hemorrhagic Complications

Article Figures & Data

Table 1:

Clinical-demographic and anatomic variables of patients undergoing TVE for bAVMs

Variables	Patients (n = 57)
Sex (No.) (%)
Male	29 (50.9%)
Female	28 (49.1%)
Age (mean) (range) (yr)	38.05 ± 18.1 (9–78)
Previous rupture (No.) (%)	38 (66.6%)
bAVM location (No.) (%)
Cortical (lobar or cerebellum)	41 (72%)
Deep (brain stem, thalamus, or basal ganglia)	16 (28.0%)
Nidus diameter (original size) (mean) (cm)	2.91 ± 1.26
Nidus diameter before treatment by TVE (mean) (cm)	2.44 ± 0.99
Dilated vein (No.) (%)
Evaluator 1	24 (42.1%)
Evaluator 2	28 (49.1%)
Evaluator 3	36 (63.1%)
Pattern of venous drainage (No.) (%)
Superficial	25 (43.9%)
Deep	28 (49.1%)
Superficial and deep	4 (7.0%)
Venous collector (No.) (%)
1	37 (64.9%)
2	18 (31.6%)
3	2 (3.5%)
Spetzler–Martin grade
I	5 (8.8%)
II	18 (31.6%)
III	23 (40.4%)
IV	10 (17.5%)
V	1 (1.7%)

Table 3:

Univariate analysis showing the association between findings on HC and the clinical-anatomic-demographic variables of patients treated by TVE

Variable	Were There HC?
Variable	No (n = 49)	Yes (n = 8)	P
Spetzler-Martin grading system			1.0^{^a}
I, II, and III	39 (68.5%)	7
IV and V	10 (17.5%)	1
Previous rupture			1.0^{^a}
No	16	3
Yes	33	5
Sex			.70^a
Female	25	3
Male	24	5
Mean age on admission (SD) (yr)	37.1 (18.6)	46.8 (13.6)	.16^b
No. of venous collectors (mean) (SD)	1.2 (0.45)	2.0 (0.75)	.003^{^c}
Presence of dilated draining vein (No.) (%)			.06^a
Evaluator 1 = 24/57	18 (31.5%)	6 (10.5%)
Presence of dilated draining vein (No.) (%)			.14^a
Evaluator 2 = 28/57	22 (38.5%)	6 (10.5%)
Presence of dilated draining vein (No.) (%)			.69^a
Evaluator 3 = 36/57	30 (52.6%)	6 (10.5%)
Pattern of venous drainage			.48^{^a}
Superficial	21	4
Deep	25	3
Superficial and deep	3	1
Nidus diameter before any intervention			.01^b
(mean) (SD) (cm)	2.74 (1.19)	3.88 (1.40)
Nidus diameter before TVE (mean) (SD) (cm)	2.28 (0.92)	3.37 (1.00)	.003^b
Nidus diameter before TVE (2 groups)			.03^{^a}
0–3 cm	38	3
>3 cm	11	5
AVM location			.09^{^a}
Cortical (lobar or cerebellum)	33	8
Deep (brain stem, thalamus, or basal ganglia)	16	0

Table 4:

Univariate analysis showing the association between hemorrhagic complications and the technical variables of patients treated by TVE

Variable	Were There Hemorrhagic Complications?
Variable	No (n = 49)	Yes (n = 8)	P
Arterial balloon			.39^{^a}
Yes	11	3
No	38	5
No. of embolization sessions,(mean) (SD)	1.8 (1.2)	1.8 (0.99)	.50^b
Coiled vein			1.0^{^a}
Yes	15	2
No	34	6
Total occlusion (angiographic cure)			1.0^{^a}
Yes	44	8
No	5	0