White Matter Injury and Structural Anomalies in Infants with Prenatal Opioid Exposure

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Fig 1.
Example of punctate white matter injury seen in an infant with prenatal opioid exposure. Arrows show punctate white matter lesions. Upper row, T1-weighted images. Lower row, T2-weighted images.
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Fig 2.
Example of diffuse white matter injury in infants with prenatal opioid exposure. Solid arrows denote abnormal T1 and T2 prolongation (which is bilateral but only denoted on the right). Dotted arrow demonstrates an example of perivascular space enlargement. Left, T1-weighted image. Right, T2-weighted image.

Characteristics of prenatal opioid-exposed and healthy term control study cohorts

	WMI (n = 8)	No WMI (n = 12)	Control (n = 20)
Gestational age at birth (weeks)^{^a}	38.9 (0.74)	38.9 (0.93)	39.0 (0.80)
Day of life at scan^{^a}	40.6 (9.5)	43.0 (8.5)	39.3 (6.1)
Birth weight (g)^{^a}	3172 (302)	2982 (321)	3201 (460)
Birth head circumference (cm)^{^a}	34.4 (1.2)	33.9 (1.4)	34.0 (1.5)
Mom methadone^{^b}	4 (50%)	4 (33%)	0 (0%)
Mom buprenorphine^{^b}	4 (50%)	8 (67%)	0 (0%)
Mom street drugs^{^b}	3 (38%)	3 (25%)	0 (0%)
Mom alcohol^{^b}	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
Mom smoking^{^b}	8 (100%)	11 (92%)	0 (0%)
Mom hepatitis C^{^b}	7 (88%)	9 (75%)	0 (0%)
Baby treated for NAS^{^b}	5 (63%)	7 (58%)	0 (0%)