Lyme Disease: What the Neuroradiologist Needs to Know

American Journal of Neuroradiology

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Neuroradiologic findings in Lyme disease

Location	Neurologic Presentation	Comments
PNS	Subacute meningitis²⁴	Most common presentation in North America²⁴
	Plexus neuritis or mononeuritis multiplex²⁵	5%–10% cases²⁵
	Bannwarth syndrome¹⁵	Uncommon in North America¹⁵
Cranial nerve	Facial nerve neuritis^26,27	Most commonly involved cranial nerve²⁶
	CN III and CNV^28,29	Few case reports^28,29
CNS	Nonspecific bifrontal white matter T2 hyperintensity¹⁵	50% of cases with CNS involvement¹⁵
	Encephalitis-rhombencephalitis pattern likely²⁵	Rare¹⁵
	Vasculitis¹⁵	Rare¹⁵
Spinal cord	Nonspecific areas of T2 prolongation¹⁵	Most common pattern in spinal cord involvement¹⁵
Ocular	Conjunctivitis and episcleritis, early stages^33,34	Rare^33,34
	Uveitis, orbital myositis, chronic intraocular inflammation^33,34	Rare^33,34
Pediatric	Cranial neuritis and meningitis^35,36	Most common pediatric neurologic presentation^35,36
	Peripheral neuritis, myelitis, Bannwarth syndrome^37,38	Rare^37,38
	Prominent Virchow-Robin spaces^37,38	Less common^37,38