Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
In the upper part, we show the coronal view of the brain and the position of the sonography probe for assessment of the corresponding correct sagittal plane below. Measurements of the corpus callosum–fastigium and corpus callosum length are displayed in the sagittal sonography view (left) and schematically (right). S. Cinguli indicates sulcus cinguli.
- Fig 2.
Reproducibility of corpus callosum–fastigium and corpus callosum lengths by using Bland-Altman plots. The middle dashed lines depict the average measurement bias in percentage differences. The bold dashed horizontal lines represent the 95% limits of agreement for these percentage differences.
- Fig 3.
Growth charts of corpus callosum–fastigium (left) and corpus callosum (right) length for preterm neonates as a function of postmenstrual age (in days) and weight (in grams). On the y-axis, CCF (left) and CC (right) lengths are presented in centimeters. The gray areas indicate the parts of the weight charts that should not be used as reference curves.
Tables
N = 140 Missingb Maternal characteristics Age (yr) (mean) (SD) 30 (5.6) 0 Ethnicityc 0 Dutch 74 (52.9%) Other Western 9 (6.4%) Non-Western 57 (40.7%) Maternal smoking during pregnancy 26 (18.6%) 17 IVF/ICSI 9 (6.4%) 0 IUGR 42 (30%) 4 PE/HELLP syndrome 37 (26.4%) 0 Chorioamnionitis 37 (26.4%) 0 PPROM 32 (22.9%) 0 Neonatal characteristics GA at birth (wk+ days) 27+2 (26+1–28+1) 0 Male sex 81 (57.9%) 0 BW (g) 955 (780–1125) 0 Use of antenatal steroids 127 (90.7%) 2 Apgar score at fifth minute 8 (7–9) 0 CRIB score 3 (1–6) 1 Death 17 (12.1%) 0 Days on mechanical ventilation 5 (1–14) 3 Days to regain birth weight 9 (7–12) 14 Sepsis 67 (47.9%) 0 IVH grade I or II 32 (22.9%) 0 Severe BPD 15 (10.7%) 33 Note:—IVF/ICSI indicates in vitro fertilization with or without intracytoplasmic sperm injection; IUGR, intrauterine growth retardation; PE, pre-eclampsia; PPROM, prolonged premature rupture of membranes; CRIB, clinical risk index for babies; IVH, intraventricular hemorrhage; BPD, bronchopulmonary disease.
↵a Baseline data of maternal and neonatal characteristics are presented as median (interquartile range) or No. (%) unless otherwise specified.
↵b Missing data were mainly due to early transfer to a secondary hospital.
↵c Ethnicity was reported to provide insight in the generalizablity of the study population.
CCF Growth CC Growth Univariable Multivariable Univariable Multivariable β SE P β SE P β SE P β SE P GA at birth 0.029 0.012 .022b 0.011 0.017 .518 0.024 0.017 .146 0.004 0.021 .857 BW SDS 0.053 0.009 <.0001b 0.050 0.014 <.001b 0.094 0.011 <.001b 0.075 0.017 <.001b Sex (female) −0.109 0.030 <.001b −0.070 0.029 .018b −0.066 0.043 .124 −0.003 0.035 .938 IUGR (no) 0.094 0.033 .005b −0.034 0.045 .451 0.267 0.041 <.001b 0.046 0.054 .390 PE/HELLP (yes) −0.064 0.035 .068 0.000 0.038 .992 −0.200 0.045 <.001b −0.052 0.046 .260 Chorioamnionitis (yes) 0.030 0.035 .397 0.031 0.035 .370 0.136 0.047 .004b 0.069 0.042 .106 Death (yes) −0.103 0.048 .033b −0.061 0.046 .186 −0.200 0.064 .002b −0.105 0.054 .057 Sepsis (yes) −0.034 0.031 .272 −0.021 0.029 .477 −0.050 0.042 .239 −0.043 0.035 .218 Days on mechanical ventilation −0.001 0.002 .432 0.002 0.002 .340 −0.003 0.002 .160 0.002 0.002 .397 Note:—SDS indicates SD score; SE, standard error; IUGR, intrauterine growth retardation; PE, pre-eclampsia.
↵a The effect estimates of maternal and neonatal characteristics on CCF and CC growth in both univariable and multivariable linear mixed models are shown. The effect estimates (β), standard errors, and P values are given.
↵b Significant.
HC CUS MRI Patient friendly ++ ++ − Bedside available ++ ++ − Serial measurement possible ++ ++ − Fast measurement ++ + − Reproducible ± + ++ Reflecting actual brain growth − + ++ Low costs ++ + − Dimension 1D 2D 3D Note:—++ indicates very good; +, acceptable; −, bad agreement with the corresponding item; ±, mediocre; HC, head circumference.
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