Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
A band of tissue spanning the anterior recess of the third ventricle that appeared linear in the axial and coronal planes and nodular in the sagittal plane as seen on 3T T1WI. A and B, A flat band of tissue behind the lamina terminalis. C and D, A flat band of tissue above the tuber cinereum. E and F, A nodular band of tissue contacting both lamina terminalis and tuber cinereum.
- Fig 2.
Position maps of the interhypothalamic adhesions. A, All IHAs in our study. B, Asymptomatic IHAs. C, Symptomatic IHAs.
Tables
No Referable Symptoms Symptomatic P Value Total 40 17 Demographics Male 20 7 .54 Female 20 10 .54 Average age (yr) 6.1 10.2 .30 Age range 8 Days to 20 years 11 Months to 17 years Imaging indication Seizures 9 5 .58 Developmental delays 8 3 .84 Headaches/migraines 4 0 .18 Vision problems 4 1 .62 Hearing problems 2 0 .35 Trauma 2 0 .35 Chiari diagnosed in utero 2 0 .35 Short stature 1 2 .15 Fetal alcohol syndrome 1 1 .53 Other 8a 5b No Referable Symptoms Symptomatic P Value IHA volume (mm3) 48.8 78 .04 Otherwise normal 14 4 .39 Gray matter heterotopias 17 6 .61 Septo-optic dysplasia 0 4 .001 Chiari malformation 3 0 .25 Periventricular leukomalacia 2 1 .89 Neoplasm 2 0 .35 Polymicrogyria 0 1 .12 Other 8a 6b ↵a Dilated perivascular spaces, multiple sclerosis with a velum interpositum, right cochlear nerve hypoplasia, right cerebral closed lip schizencephaly, vermian hypoplasia, sinus pericranii, and 2 isolated cases of cavum septum pellucidum.
↵b Abnormal sulcation, transmantle cortical dysplasia, frontonasal dysplasia, inferior vermian hypoplasia with absent septum pellucidum, cavum septum pellucidum (with septo-optic dysplasia), and velum interpositum.
No Referable Symptoms Symptomatic P Value Healthy 18a 0 <.01 Seizures 9b 5 .58 Endocrine problems 0 3 <.01 Mild developmental delays 8 6 .22 Severe developmental delays 0 8 <.01 Heart anomalies 3 0 .25 Sensory hearing loss 2 0 .35 Premature birthb 5 2 .94 ↵a Four of these individuals had initially presented with headaches, and 1, with vertigo, all considered to be isolated issues without ongoing symptoms at the time of this review. All 3 individuals with Chiari malformations were included in the group lacking referable symptoms. Two additional patients had presented with trauma and were healthy after their other musculoskeletal injuries healed. Two more of these patients were evaluated for unilateral sensory hearing loss but were considered clinically healthy otherwise. An individual with a low-grade glial neoplasm had originally presented with a seizure but had no other symptoms after resection. One individual with multiple sclerosis had 2 episodes of lower extremity weakness and tingling that had resolved. The remaining patients lacking symptoms referable to the IHA had presenting symptoms that resolved with treatment or conservative measures (tongue hemihypertrophy with an arteriovascular malformation, scalp mass [sinus pericranii], Horner syndrome, lower extremity pain, and spasms).
↵b Born at 26–34 weeks' gestation.
