Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Demonstration of data acquisition and arrangement of DWI. A, The first 2 images were discarded. T2-weighted images (b0) and diffusion-weighted images (b200) were arranged alternatively for 75 dynamic scans. For DWI, diffusion gradients were applied along the x, y, and z axes periodically. B, Lemon juice was introduced into the oral cavity via a connecting tube at the 11th scan and swallowed at 21st scan. Figure 1B is courtesy of Cheng-Hsuan Juan.
- Fig 2.
Signal intensity–time curves before and after fifth-order Butterworth low-pass filtering on DWI (b200). High-frequency noises (gray peaks) are apparently reduced, while the trend of time-series data in response to gustatory stimulation is preserved. a.u. indicates arbitrary unit.
- Fig 3.
Magnetic susceptibility artifacts on T2WI and DWI. Mild distortion and signal loss involving the bilateral maxillary sinuses (stars) occur on all T2WI and DWI scans. During swallowing, the parotid glands are still free from artifacts, though more extensive artifacts involve the nasal cavity, oropharynx, and bilateral masticator spaces (circles). The anterior margins of the parotid glands are indicated by arrows. S indicates magnetic susceptibility artifact score.
- Fig 4.
Magnetic susceptibility artifacts involving the bilateral masticator spaces and parotid glands (long arrows) are observed during swallowing on DWI in a volunteer with metallic dental implants. Artifacts involving the oral cavity (stars) and left masticator space (short arrows) are evident on all T2WI and DWI. S indicates magnetic susceptibility artifact score.
- Fig 5.
Averaged signal intensity–time curves of T2WI (b0) and DWI (b200) (A) and ADC time curves of the parotid glands (B). Lemon juice is administrated (long arrow) at the 11th scan and is swallowed (short arrow) at the 21st scan. a.u. indicates arbitrary unit.
- Fig 6.
Normalized signal change–time curves (mean ± SD) of the parotid glands. During gustatory stimulation, the normalized signal change decreases rapidly on T2WI (A) and DWI (B), while it increases rapidly on ADC (C). After swallowing, the normalized signal change remains stagnant on T2WI, increases slowly on DWI, and reduces rapidly on ADC.
Tables
Magnetic susceptibility artifact scores of T2WI and DWI
MSA Score At the Baseline During Swallowing At the End Rater 1 Rater 2 Rater 1 Rater 2 Rater 1 Rater 2 T2WI (b0) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 2 20 19 20 19 20 19 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 DWI (b200) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 3 2 0 0 2 20 20 17 18 20 20 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 Note:—MSA indicates magnetic susceptibility artifacts.
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