Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Example of the deformation field inside a new lesion. All arrows point to the lesion center.
- Fig 2.
Example of the deformation field for 2 sections. The first image does not contain lesions and presents large deformations with no clear sinking patterns, while in the second image with a lesion, all the arrows inside the lesion point to the center.
- Fig 3.
New lesion detection. For each row, the first image is the baseline image, the second is the follow-up image, the third is the subtraction, and the fourth is the lesion analysis over the follow-up image (green = true-positive). The patient has a large number of TPs (100%), with a small number of FPs (0%).
- Fig 4.
Correlation between the number of ground truth lesions and the number of automatically detected ones (Pearson coefficient = 0.81, P = 2.2688e-09).
Tables
Image Method ASD TPf FPf DSC (Lesions) DSC (Volume) PD Threshold 25.80 92.28 93.18 0.11 0.31 Intensity rules20 21.90 80.61 83.01 0.24 0.35 DF 19.91 73.18 77.02 0.30 0.37 T2 Threshold 25.22 93.89 95.88 0.07 0.25 Intensity rules20 22.22 64.09 86.35 0.17 0.25 DF 17.76 81.79 80.84 0.26 0.34 T2-FLAIR Threshold 27.22 90.24 92.79 0.10 0.26 Intensity rules20 21.17 78.34 80.77 0.25 0.31 DF 21.14 81.22 77.11 0.30 0.33 Combination Threshold 13.07 91.05 85.61 0.22 0.45 Intensity rules20 30.80 51.62 35.87 0.46 0.37 Proposal 7.89 70.93 17.80 0.68 0.52 Note:—ASD indicates average surface distance.
- Table 2:
Permutation test ranking of DSC values for the approaches applied on each image separatelya
Method Mean P Value Rank 1 (<1 σ) T2-FLAIR-DF .75 PD-DF .56 T2-DF .53 Rank 2 (<2 σ) T2-FLAIR20 .22 PD20 .16 Rank 3 (<3 σ) T220 −.22 PD-threshold −.56 T2-FLAIR-threshold −.67 T2-threshold −.78 ↵a Methods were ranked relative to the mean and SD of the method with the highest DSC value. Methods in the same rank have similar results, whereas methods in different ranks show significant differences.
- Table 3:
Analysis of the TPf before and after postprocessing with deformation fields for different sizesa
Image Method 3–10 11–50 50+ Combination Combination (threshold) 71.43 72.38 95.16 Proposal 42.86 48.57 77.42 ↵a Lesions between 3 and 10 voxels are considered small; lesions between 11 and 50 voxels, medium; and lesions with >50 voxels, large.
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