Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Excellent agreement between SNAP imaging and TOF MRA in measuring stenosis. Mild stenosis in the basilar artery is determined by MRA images derived from SNAP imaging (A), which corresponds to the TOF MRA image (B). The hyperintense signal on the SNAP vessel wall image (C) indicates intramural hematoma.
- Fig 2.
SNAP imaging depicts intramural hematoma. The intramural hematoma in the internal carotid artery appears hyperintense on both 3D MERGE (A, white arrows) and SNAP images (B, white arrows).
- Fig 3.
SNAP imaging delineates the intimal flaps. The SNAP MRA image (A) shows a dilated lumen (pseudoaneurysm) in the internal carotid artery. The intimal flaps (hollow arrow) and double lumen (white arrow) are noted on vessel wall images derived from SNAP imaging in the coronal (B) and axial (C) views after MPR reconstruction. The white line on the coronal view indicates the location of the axial view acquisition.
- Fig 4.
The luminal narrowing and intramural hematoma are jointly visualized in a single SNAP image. Total occlusion in the internal carotid artery is demonstrated by TOF MRA (A, hollow arrow) and SNAP MRA (C, hollow arrow). A vessel wall image (B) derived from SNAP imaging shows a hyperintense lesion in the vessel wall (white arrows), indicating intramural hematoma. The intramural hematoma is well-depicted by maximum intensity projection of SNAP images (D). The MRA and vessel wall images derived from SNAP imaging are naturally registered to jointly visualize luminal narrowing and intramural hematoma in red (E) after color-coded processing.
Tables
Characteristics Mean or No. (%) Range (if Applicable) Age (yr) 45.0 ± 16.1 14–70 Male sex 21 (87.5) Weight (kg) 75.1 ± 8.5 60–90 Height (cm) 171.2 ± 5.5 160–183 Smoking 10 (41.7) Hypertension 13 (54.2) Diabetes 6 (25) High-density lipoprotein (mmol/L) 1.0 ± 0.2 0.5–1.8 Low-density lipoprotein (mmol/L) 2.3 ± 0.8 1.0–5.7 Total cholesterol (mmol/L) 4.0 ± 1.1 2.2–7.8 Triglycerides (mmol/L) 1.5 ± 0.7 0.6–3.0 Headache 4 (16.7) Neck pain 3 (12.5) Ischemic stroke 20 (83.3) Transient ischemic attack 4 (16.7) Patient No. Sex/Age (yr) Location Length (mm) Category of Stenosisa Presence or Absence IMH Pseudo-aneurysm Intimal Flaps and Double Lumen 1 M/65 BA 16.7 Moderate + – – 2 M/24 MCA 8.1 Occlusion + – – 3 M/14 MCA 6.0 Mild + – – 4 M/53 ICA (C1) 35.8 No stenosis – + + 5 M/20 BA 12.7 No stenosis – – + 6 M/40 ICA (C1) 70.2 Occlusion + – – 7 M/62 BA and VA 44.1 Occlusion + – – 8 M/59 BA 22.2 No stenosis – + – 9 M/36 MCA 10.7 No stenosis – – + 10 F/18 CCA 23.3 Occlusion + – – 11 M/34 VA 10.1 Moderate – – – 12 F/38 ICA (C1) 42.4 Severe + – – 13 F/66 CCA 44.8 No stenosis + – – 14 M/43 VA 7.5 Occlusion + – – 15 M/62 ICA (C1) 40 Severe + – – 16 M/68 CCA 37.1 Occlusion + – – 17 M/42 VA 24.8 Occlusion + – – 18 M/35 ICA (C1) 63.4 Occlusion + – – 19 M/51 BA and VA 50.8 Mild + – – 20 M/69 ICA (C1) 57 Occlusion + – – 21 M/56 ICA (C1) 66.4 Severe + – – 22 M/40 ICA (C1) 13.6 Occlusion + – – 23 M/41 VA 42.7 Occlusion + – – 24 M/43 BA 11.6 Moderate + – + Note:—BA indicates basilar artery; VA, vertebral artery; CCA, common carotid artery; +, positive; –, negative.
↵a Mild stenosis, 1%–49%; moderate stenosis, 50%–69%; severe stenosis, 70%–99%; occlusion, 100%.
