Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Exclusion criteria of the present study. SVM indicates spinal vascular malformation.
- Fig 2.
Kaplan-Meier plot of cumulative freedom from the progression by endovascular embolization.
- Fig 3.
A, Posteroanterior view of the right T2 intercostal artery angiogram showing a nidus-type SCAVM supplied by the anterior spinal artery with multiple intranidal aneurysms (arrows). B, Nonsubtracted image of the microcatheter inserted into a feeder to the SCAVM. C, Superselective angiogram from the microcatheter inserted into the same feeder as B. No aneurysms are visualized. D, Superselective angiogram from a microcatheter placed in the ASA at the origin of the feeder to the SCAVM. Intranidal aneurysms and the distal anterior spinal artery are visualized. Embolization was performed from this catheter position using NBCA. E, Cast of NBCA. A small amount of NBCA is in the ASA axis near the catheter tip (arrow). F, Posteroanterior view of the right T2 intercostal artery after embolization. There is decreased visualization of the nidus without opacification of the intranidal aneurysms. The distal ASA is seen through the collateral (arrow).
Tables
Duration No. (n = 35) Percentage <7 Days 6 18 8–31 Days 5 14 1–6 Months 2 5.7 6 Months to 1 year 4 11 1–2 Years 2 5.7 2–3 Years 3 8.6 >3 Years 13 37 Variables Total (n = 80) Recurrent Hemorrhage Unadjusted P Value (+) (n = 35) (−) (n = 45) Baseline characteristics Median age (yr) (IQR) 20 (10–32) 18 (8–25) 21 (15–38) Pediatric 30 (38) 16 (46) 14 (31) .87 Male 31 (39) 12 (34) 19 (42) .73 Endovascular embolizationb 41 (51) 1 (2.9) 40 (89) <.0001 Radiologic characteristics Subclassification .51 SCAVM 63 (79) 31 (89) 32 (71) SCAVF, single hole 7 (8.8) 1 (2.9) 6 (13) SCAVF, multiple holes 10 (13) 4 (11) 6 (13) SCAVM level .92 Cranial-cervical 2 (2.5) 1 (2.9) 1 (2.2) Cervical 33 (41) 16 (46) 17 (39) Cervical-thoracic 1 (1.3) 0 1 (2.2) Thoracic 31 (39) 13 (37) 18 (40) Thoracic-lumbar 9 (11) 4 (11) 5 (11) Lumbar 4 (5.0) 1 (2.9) 3 (6.7) Associated aneurysmb 56 (70) 31 (89) 25 (56) .049 Venous thrombosisb 7 (8.8) 1 (2.9) 6 (13) .19 Venous stricture 2 (2.5) 0 2 (4.4) .21 Venous ectasia 16 (20) 7 (20) 9 (20) .24 Venous hypertension 16 (20) 7 (20) 9 (20) .66 - Table 3:
Multivariate analyses using the Cox proportional hazards model for recurrent hemorrhage from SCAVMs
Variable Adjusted HR 95% CI Multivariable Adjusted P Value Endovascular treatmenta 0.027 0.0040–0.19 <.0001 Associated aneurysma 3.4 1.2–11 .044 Venous thrombosis 0.61 0.082–4.5 .63 Note:—HR indicates hazard ratio.
↵a Variables related to recurrent hemorrhage.
