Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Postoperative radiographs following dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer injection. Images obtained at 2 days (A) and 3 months (B) post-dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer injection demonstrate soft-tissue swelling at 2 days posttreatment (A) and no soft-tissue swelling on the 3-month radiograph (B).
- Fig 2.
Normal imaging characteristics of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer injections on CT. A, Contrast-enhanced CT in a 56-year-old woman 2 months postinjection of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer. The white arrow points to a small amount of hypoattenuated fluid in the retropharyngeal space consistent with the injection site. B, Noncontrast CT in a 3-year-old boy 3 months status post dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer injection. Hypoattenuation in the right retropharyngeal space (white arrow) indicates the implant. Sagittal images of the patient better demonstrate the hypoattenuation corresponding to the implant (C). D, Contrast-enhanced CT in a 53-year-old woman 9 months post dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer injection demonstrates hypoattenuation in the retropharyngeal space consistent with the implant.
- Fig 3.
Retropharyngeal abscess 8 months after dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer injection in a 68-year-old man. Retropharyngeal abscess following dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer injection demonstrates mild peripheral enhancement on contrast-enhanced CT (A), internal T2 hyperintensity (B), and mild T1 hyperintensity (C). There are areas of restricted diffusion within the abscess seen on the DWI (D) and ADC (E) images. Peripheral enhancement on postgadolinium echo-spoiled gradient echo is demonstrated as well (F).
- Fig 4.
Normal imaging characteristics of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer injection on MR imaging. MR images in a 71-year-old man status post dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer injection demonstrate a multiloculated T2 hyperintense (A) and T1 isointense lesion (B) on axial images. DWI (C) and ADC (D) images demonstrate no evidence of restricted diffusion. MR images in a 13-year-old girl 1 month status post injection demonstrate a multiloculated T2 hyperintense (E) and a T1 isointense lesion on axial images (F). No evidence of peripheral enhancement is seen on postgadolinium T1-weighted images (G). No evidence of restricted diffusion (H) is seen.
- Fig 5.
MR imaging characteristics of an ex vivo sample of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer compared with water. T2 imaging by using a water vial (A) and a vial of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer solution (B) demonstrates that the dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer solution is hyperintense with a signal intensity similar to that of water. T1 imaging by using a water vial (C) and a vial of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer (D) demonstrates that the dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer solution is hyperintense to water.
Tables
Clinical characteristics of patients treated for velopharyngeal insufficiency
Characteristics No. of patients 15 Mean age (SD) (yr) 21.3 (21.9) Median age (yr) (minimum, maximum) 10 (3, 68) No. (%) female 8 (53.3) Comorbidities (No.) (%) Velocardiofacial syndrome 3 (20.0) Neurofibromatosis type 1 3 (20.0) Postsurgical complication 3 (20.0) Collet-Sicard syndrome 1 (6.7) Pierre-Robin sequence 1 (6.7) Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy 1 (6.7) Chiari II 1 (6.7) Cleft palate 1 (6.7) Sensorineural hearing loss 1 (6.7) Injection agent No. dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer (%) 14 (93.3) No. hyaluronic acid (%) 1 (6.7) Mean (SD) volume of implant injected (mL) 3.2 ± 1.2
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