Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
NPH on T2-weighted fast spin-echo, axial images. A, A section through the centrum semiovale demonstrates deep white matter ischemia. B, A section through third ventricle shows loss of the waist due to slight enlargement with minimal CSF flow void. C and D, Sections through the aqueduct and upper fourth ventricle show CSF flow void. Although less conspicuous than in the past by using conventional spin-echo, the CSF flow void sign is now more specific for hyperdynamic flow, albeit less sensitive.
- Fig 2.
Benign external hydrocephalus in a 7-month-old infant with mild ventriculomegaly and increased CSF in the frontal subarachnoid space.
- Fig 3.
Interstitial edema shown on an axial FLAIR image from an obstructing juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma.
- Fig 4.
Slice positioning perpendicular to the midaqueduct for a phase-contrast CSF flow study.
- Fig 5.
Phase-contrast images showing aqueductal flow up during diastole (black) and down during systole (white).
- Fig 6.
Volumetric, almost sinusoidal, CSF flow through the aqueduct during 1 cardiac cycle. Integrating the areas under and over the horizontal zero flow line yields the volumes of CSF going caudad in systole and cephalad in diastole, respectively, as shown in the chart. These should be within 5%, and their average is the CSF stroke volume.
- Fig 7.
Midsagittal FIESTA image showing a web in the distal aqueduct.
- Fig 8.
DESH pattern of NPH with ventriculomegaly, prominent Sylvian cisterns, and tight superior convexities.
- Fig 9.
Time-SLIP in a healthy individual (A–C) with lateral ventricular reflux and in a patient with NPH (D–F) without reflux. Images courtesy of Shinya Yamada, MD.
- Fig 10.
Future patient with NPH with 19 years of earlier imaging showing ventriculomegaly before symptoms of NPH. A, CT scan from 19 years earlier obtained for suspected giant cell arteritis shows mild ventriculomegaly. He was 67 years of age at this point and was walking 20 miles per day. B, At age 70, he clearly has ventriculomegaly but no symptoms of NPH. C–E, Now at 76 years of age, MR imaging shows ventriculomegaly, DWMI, and an aqueductal CSF flow void. He will not develop symptoms of NPH for another 10 years. Reprinted with permission from Bradley et al.20 Copyright 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
- Fig 11.
Apparent diffusion coefficient versus the degree of DWMI in NPH and age-matched controls, showing significantly higher ADC (indicating higher water content) in patients with NPH versus controls for a given degree of DWMI. Reprinted with permission from Bradley et al.20 Copyright 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
- Fig 12.
ADC profile in the mid-coronal plane in healthy individuals (red) and patients with NPH (blue). The central double peak is the lateral ventricles. Note the higher water content in the extracellular space next to the ventricles in the NPH group, possibly due to impaired centrifugal flow from DWMI. Reprinted with permission from Bradley et al.20 Copyright 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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