Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Example of the vasculature on anteroposterior 2D DSA projections for each catheter position: proximal (A), middle (B), and distal (C). These show the decrease in the vascular complexity as the injection site is moved from proximal to most distal. The magnification factor for the images increases, moving from proximal to most distal.
- Fig 2.
Illustration of 4D DSA reconstruction. No x-ray delay between contrast injection and rotational image acquisition results in contrast flow or inflow being visible in the rotational projections (A–C). Through a 2-step reconstruction process, this flow information is encoded into the 3D DSA for every projection, effectively creating a 4D DSA. This allows viewing of the contrast bolus passage at any desired angle at any time during the bolus passage. D–F, View of the bolus passage at 3 projection angles at 3 different time points. G–I, View of the bolus passage at 3 angles not present in the projections, again at 3 different time points. The figures correspond to sample angle projections selected to match the 2D acquisitions, even though once 4D images are reconstructed, views are available from any angle.
- Fig 3.
A–C, Example of the pictorial reference form provided to the image reviewers identifying the vascular segments to be evaluated: proximal (A), middle (B), and distal (C) catheter positions on anteroposterior projections. D, Evaluation form and scales used for scoring of the images.
Tables
Proximal Middle Distal 2D DSA 3D DSA 4D DSA 2D DSA 3D DSA 4D DSA 2D DSA 3D DSA 4D DSA Contrast volume (mL) 8–9 20 20 8–9 11 11 8–9 8 9 Concentration (%) 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 Flow rate (mL/s) HI 3 3 HI 1.5–2.5 1.5–2.5 HI 1–1.5 1–1.5 Injection duration (s) HI 6.6 6.6 HI 6 6 HI 7.3 7.3 Injection delay (s) 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 X-ray delay (s) 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 Note:—HI indicates hand injection.
Reviewer 1 Reviewer 2 2D 3D 4D Preferred 2D 3D 4D Preferred 3 4 4 4D 2 4 4 4D 3 3 4 4D 4 4 4 4D 4 2 4 4D 0 3 4 4D 4 2 4 2D 3 4 4 4D 4 2 4 4D 2 3 4 4D 4 2 4 4D 3 3 4 4D 4 3 4 2D 3 4 4 4D 4 3 3 2D 4 2 3 4D 4 2 4 4D 4 3 3 4D 4 4 4 4D 3 3 4 4D 4 4 4 4D 2 3 4 4D 4 4 4 4D 2 3 4 4D 4 3 3 2D 4 4 4 4D 4 3 4 2D 2 4 4 4D 4 3 4 4D 2 4 4 4D 4 3 3 2D 4 4 4 4D 4 4 2 3D 4 4 3 3D 4 3 4 4D 4 4 3 3D 4 2 4 2D 4 4 4 4D 4 1 3 4D 4 4 4 4D 4 3 4 2D 4 4 4 4D 4 4 4 2D 4 4 4 4D 4 3 4 2D 4 3 4 4D 4 3 4 4D 4 4 4 4D 4 4 4 2D 4 4 4 4D 4 3 4 2D 4 3 3 2D 3 2 2 2D 2 0 1 2D 4 4 4 4D 1 4 4 4D 4 2 4 4D 2 2 4 4D 4 3 4 4D 3 3 4 4D 4 4 4 4D 4 3 4 4D 4 4 4 4D 3 2 4 4D 4 3 4 4D 2 2 4 4D 4 4 4 4D 4 4 4 4D 4 3 4 4D 3 3 4 4D 3 3 4 4D 4 1 4 4D 4 3 4 2D 3 4 4 4D 4 2 4 4D 3 2 4 4D 4 4 4 2D 4 4 4 4D 4 3 4 2D 4 4 4 4D 4 4 4 4D 3 4 4 4D 4 3 4 4D 3 3 4 4D 3 4 4 2D 3 4 2 4D 4 4 3 2D 4 4 4 4D ↵a The first 3 columns show the rating for each of the 3 modalities as described in the “Materials and Methods” and the scoring form (Fig 3B). The last column shows the preferred modality.
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