Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Brain regions with GMV differences between patients with NMO and healthy controls (P < .05, false discovery rate correction). Blue represents significant GMV reductions in the patients with NMO. L indicates left; R, right.
- Fig 2.
Correlations between the GMV and clinical variables in patients with NMO. The left column shows brain regions where the GMV is correlated with EDSS scores (Alphasim correction, P < .05). The right column shows scatter diagrams of these correlations. ITG indicates inferior temporal gyrus; MPFC, medial prefrontal cortex.
- Fig 3.
Correlations between the GMV and cognitive scores in patients with NMO. The upper row shows brain regions where the GMV is correlated with cognitive scores (Alphasim correction, P < .05). The middle row shows scatter diagrams of these correlations. The lower row shows brain regions where the GMV is correlated with cognitive scores after further controlling for the brain lesion volume. Immediate recall of Trial 2 (A), long-delay free recall (B), and short-delay free recall (C). MPFC indicates medial prefrontal cortex; R_Th, right thalamus.
- Fig 4.
Correlations between the GMV and BLV in patients with NMO (Alphasim correction, P < .05). A, Before removing 2 patients with thalamic and inferior temporal gyrus (ITG) lesions. B, After removing 2 patients with thalamic and ITG lesions.
Tables
Subjects Patients with NMO HCs P Value No. of subjects 50 50 NA Sex (female/male) 42:8 43:7 .779 Age (yr) 47.4 (13.4) 49.8 (8.9) .294 Education (yr) 11.2 (3.4) 12.1 (3.1) .192 NMO-IgG (±) 32/18 NA NA Brain lesion volumes (cm3)b 3.3 (5.1) NA NA Onset age (yr) 41.6 (14.1) NA NA Relapsing frequency (times/yr) 0.8 (0.7) NA NA No. of attacks (times) 4.5 (5.1) NA NA Disease duration (yr) 6.6 (6.7) NA NA EDSS score 3.8 (2.3) NA NA Neuropsychological Tests Patients with NMO HCs P Value CVLT-II IR2 8.7 (2.2) (n = 44) 9.6 (2.5) (n = 45) .075 SDFR 11.1 (2.6) (n = 44) 11.8 (2.3) (n = 45) .176 SDCR 11.0 (2.2) (n = 44) 12.0 (2.2) (n = 45) .030b LDFR 10.9 (2.9) (n = 44) 12.2 (2.2) (n = 45) .017b LDCR 10.5 (3.1) (n = 44) 12.1 (2.2) (n = 45) .007b PASAT 34.4 (12.3) (n = 43) 37.6 (7.7) (n = 45) .152 SDMT 42.1 (12.2) (n = 39) 49.5 (15.1) (n = 45) .018b WCST 8.8 (3.9) (n = 34) 10.0 (5.2) (n = 44) .245 COWAT (semantic) 17.5 (4.7) (n = 43) 19.5 (4.0) (n = 44) .035b Note:—CVLT-II indicates California Verbal Learning Test–Second Edition; COWAT, Controlled Oral Word Association Test; IR2, Immediate Recall of Trail 2; LDCR, Long-Delay Cued Recall; LDFR, Long-Delay Free Recall; PASAT, Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test; SDCR, Short-Delay Cued Recall; SDFR, Short-Delay Free Recall; SDMT, Symbol Digit Modalities Test; WCST, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test.
↵a Data are shown as mean (SD).
↵b Significant.
