Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
2D-DSA and 3D-DSA images from immediately after surgery. 3D-DSA follow-up and gross dissection in the ESG (A), CBG (B), and EBG (C and D). Yellow and blue arrows indicate nascent aneurysms.
- Fig 2.
A, Specific elastic fiber staining, which shows the thickness of the media (white lines; × 100), indicated significant thinner of the media in the ESG than in the CBG and EBG.). Internal elastic lamina discontinuity is indicated by white arrows. B, Immunostaining of smooth-muscle α-actin (yellow arrows; smooth-muscle actin layer, yellow lines; ×100) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (C, blue arrows) in the media of the straight artery and arterial bifurcation apices in the ESG, CBG, and EBG (P < .001 versus ESG and CBG; ×400). The asterisk indicates P < .05 when the ESG, CBG, and EBG were compared. The flag indicates P < .05 when the ESG and CBG were compared. VL indicates vessel lumen; TA, tunica adventitia.
- Fig 3.
Immunohistochemical staining and quantification analysis (A) of infiltrating inflammatory cells (CD45+/MAC387+) and MMP-2 and -9 expression in the media of straight vessels and at the arterial bifurcation apices (×400) in the ESG (B), CBG (C), and EBG (D). The asterisk indicates P < .05 when the ESG, CBG, and EBG were compared.
- Fig 4.
Computational fluid dynamics analysis at 12 weeks of follow-up in the CBG (A) and EBG (B). A comparison of the changes of WSS and WSSG values before and after aneurysm formation in models with an aneurysm in the EBG (C) and the WSS and WSSG values immediately after surgery in models with large and small bifurcation angles in the EBG (D). A dotted line indicates the varying trends of WSS and WSSG in each subgroup.
Tables
Summary of the information of dog models in the ESG, CBG, and EBGa
Group (No.) Sex (F) Weight (Kg) Surgical Results Blood Flow Velocity (cm/s) PA Diameter (mm) PA Angulation (Degrees) Aneurysm Status Before After Sex (No./Female) Neck (mm) Body (mm) ESG (3) 2 14.8 ± 1.4 Success 82.4 ± 6.3 – 4.1 ± 0.2 – 0 – – CBG (9) 6 14.7 ± 2.4 Success 84.9 ± 6.5 126.2 ± 12.5b 4.3 ± 0.4 112.9 ± 36.1 0 – – EBG (9) 6 14.9 ± 1.7 Success 85.7 ± 8.7 131.4 ± 13.9b 4.3 ± 0.4 120.3 ± 44.2 5/4 6.7 ± 2.3 3.2 ± 0.4
