Extensive White Matter Dysfunction in Cognitively Impaired Patients with Secondary-Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

REFERENCES

1. 1.↵
   2. Rao SM,
   3. Leo GJ,
   4. Bernardin L, et al

   . Cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. I. Frequency, patterns, and prediction. Neurology 1991;41:685–91

   CrossRef
2. 2.↵
   2. Huijbregts SC,
   3. Kalkers NF,
   4. de Sonneville LM, et al

   . Differences in cognitive impairment of relapsing remitting, secondary, and primary progressive MS. Neurology 2004;63:335–39

   CrossRefPubMed
3. 3.↵
   2. Sperling RA,
   3. Guttmann CR,
   4. Hohol MJ, et al

   . Regional magnetic resonance imaging lesion burden and cognitive function in multiple sclerosis: a longitudinal study. Arch Neurol 2001;58:115–21

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
4. 4.↵
   2. Benedict RH,
   3. Weinstock-Guttman B,
   4. Fishman I, et al

   . Prediction of neuropsychological impairment in multiple sclerosis: comparison of conventional magnetic resonance imaging measures of atrophy and lesion burden. Arch Neurol 2004;61:226–30

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
5. 5.↵
   2. Houtchens MK,
   3. Benedict RH,
   4. Killiany R, et al

   . Thalamic atrophy and cognition in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2007;69:1213–23

   CrossRef
6. 6.↵
   2. Papadopoulou A,
   3. Muller-Lenke N,
   4. Naegelin Y, et al

   . Contribution of cortical and white matter lesions to cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2013;19:1290–96

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
7. 7.↵
   2. Rovaris M,
   3. Iannucci G,
   4. Falautano M, et al

   . Cognitive dysfunction in patients with mildly disabling relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: an exploratory study with diffusion tensor MR imaging. J Neurol Sci 2002;195:103–09

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
8. 8.↵
   2. Dineen RA,
   3. Vilisaar J,
   4. Hlinka J, et al

   . Disconnection as a mechanism for cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. Brain 2009;132:239–49

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
9. 9.↵
   2. Roosendaal SD,
   3. Geurts JJ,
   4. Vrenken H, et al

   . Regional DTI differences in multiple sclerosis patients. Neuroimage 2009;44:1397–403

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
10. 10.↵
    2. Warlop NP,
    3. Achten E,
    4. Fieremans E, et al

    . Transverse diffusivity of cerebral parenchyma predicts visual tracking performance in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Brain Cogn 2009;71:410–15

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
11. 11.↵
    2. Yu HJ,
    3. Christodoulou C,
    4. Bhise V, et al

    . Multiple white matter tract abnormalities underlie cognitive impairment in RRMS. Neuroimage 2012;59:3713–22

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
12. 12.↵
    2. Filippi M,
    3. Rocca MA,
    4. Benedict RH, et al

    . The contribution of MRI in assessing cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2010;75:2121–28

    CrossRef
13. 13.↵
    2. Hawellek DJ,
    3. Hipp JF,
    4. Lewis CM, et al

    . Increased functional connectivity indicates the severity of cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2011;108:19066–71

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
14. 14.↵
    2. Hulst HE,
    3. Steenwijk MD,
    4. Versteeg A, et al

    . Cognitive impairment in MS: impact of white matter integrity, gray matter volume, and lesions. Neurology 2013;80:1025–32

    CrossRef
15. 15.↵
    2. Lucchinetti CF,
    3. Popescu BF,
    4. Bunyan RF, et al

    . Inflammatory cortical demyelination in early multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2011;365:2188–97

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
16. 16.↵
    2. Aviv RI,
    3. Francis PL,
    4. Tenenbein R, et al

    . Decreased frontal lobe gray matter perfusion in cognitively impaired patients with secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis detected by the bookend technique. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2012;33:1779–85

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
17. 17.↵
    2. Francis PL,
    3. Jakubovic R,
    4. O'Connor P, et al

    . Robust perfusion deficits in cognitively impaired patients with secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2013;34:62–67

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
18. 18.↵
    2. Khalil M,
    3. Enzinger C,
    4. Langkammer C, et al

    . Cognitive impairment in relation to MRI metrics in patients with clinically isolated syndrome. Mult Scler 2011;17:173–80

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
19. 19.↵
    2. Smith SM,
    3. Jenkinson M,
    4. Johansen-Berg H, et al

    . Tract-based spatial statistics: voxelwise analysis of multi-subject diffusion data. Neuroimage 2006;31:1487–505

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
20. 20.↵
    2. Compston A,
    3. Coles A

    . Multiple sclerosis. Lancet 2008;372:1502–17

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
21. 21.↵
    2. Kurtzke JF

    . Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: an expanded disability status scale (EDSS). Neurology 1983;33:1444–52

    CrossRefPubMed
22. 22.↵
    2. Benedict RH,
    3. Fischer JS,
    4. Archibald CJ, et al

    . Minimal neuropsychological assessment of MS patients: a consensus approach. Clin Neuropsychol 2002;16:381–97

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
23. 23.↵
    2. Benedict RH,
    3. Cookfair D,
    4. Gavett R, et al

    . Validity of the minimal assessment of cognitive function in multiple sclerosis (MACFIMS). J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2006;12:549–58

    PubMedWeb of Science
24. 24.↵
    2. Smith SM,
    3. Jenkinson M,
    4. Woolrich MW, et al

    . Advances in functional and structural MR image analysis and implementation as FSL. Neuroimage 2004;23(suppl 1):S208–19

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
25. 25.↵
    2. Smith SM,
    3. Johansen-Berg H,
    4. Jenkinson M, et al

    . Acquisition and voxelwise analysis of multi-subject diffusion data with tract-based spatial statistics. Nat Protoc 2007;2:499–503

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
26. 26.↵
    2. Nichols TE,
    3. Holmes AP

    . Nonparametric permutation tests for functional neuroimaging: a primer with examples. Hum Brain Mapp 2002;15:1–25

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
27. 27.↵
    2. Smith SM,
    3. Nichols TE

    . Threshold-free cluster enhancement: addressing problems of smoothing, threshold dependence and localisation in cluster inference. Neuroimage 2009;44:83–98

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
28. 28.↵
    2. Mori S,
    3. Oishi K,
    4. Jiang H, et al

    . Stereotaxic white matter atlas based on diffusion tensor imaging in an ICBM template. Neuroimage 2008;40:570–82

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
29. 29.↵
    2. Hines M,
    3. Chiu L,
    4. McAdams LA, et al

    . Cognition and the corpus callosum: verbal fluency, visuospatial ability, and language lateralization related to midsagittal surface areas of callosal subregions. Behav Neurosci 1992;106:3–14

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
30. 30.↵
    2. Chiang MC,
    3. Barysheva M,
    4. Shattuck DW, et al

    . Genetics of brain fiber architecture and intellectual performance. J Neurosci 2009;29:2212–24

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
31. 31.↵
    2. Cantero JL,
    3. Atienza M,
    4. Gomez-Herrero G, et al

    . Functional integrity of thalamocortical circuits differentiates normal aging from mild cognitive impairment. Hum Brain Mapp 2009;30:3944–57

    CrossRefPubMed
32. 32.↵
    2. Cho H,
    3. Yang DW,
    4. Shon YM, et al

    . Abnormal integrity of corticocortical tracts in mild cognitive impairment: a diffusion tensor imaging study. J Korean Med Sci 2008;23:477–83

    CrossRefPubMed
33. 33.↵
    2. Kutzelnigg A,
    3. Lucchinetti CF,
    4. Stadelmann C, et al

    . Cortical demyelination and diffuse white matter injury in multiple sclerosis. Brain 2005;128:2705–12

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
34. 34.↵
    2. Mesaros S,
    3. Rocca MA,
    4. Kacar K, et al

    . Diffusion tensor MRI tractography and cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2012;78:969–75

    CrossRef
35. 35.↵
    2. Rovaris M,
    3. Riccitelli G,
    4. Judica E, et al

    . Cognitive impairment and structural brain damage in benign multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2008;71:1521–26

    CrossRef