Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig. 1.
A 10-month-old boy with cardiac rhabdomyoma. MR imaging axial T1 with MT (A) and axial T2 (B). There is a bright lesion on T1 with MT in the medial posterior left frontal cortex, representing a cortical tuber (long arrows, A). This abnormality cannot be reliably detected on the axial T2 image (B) and other sequences (not shown) with a background of incomplete myelination. The findings are compatible with cortical tuber of tuberous sclerosis (diagnosis confirmed clinically).
- Fig. 2.
A 3-year-old boy with increased seizure activity. MR imaging axial T1 with MT (A), axial FLAIR (B), and coronal T2 (C). Hyperintense lesion on T1 MT in the medial aspect of the left posterior frontal lobe (arrows, A) is seen. On axial FLAIR images, the lesion (arrows, B) is not readily identified and could be mistaken for volume-averaging. When one cross-references the lesion seen on T1 MT to the coronal T2 image (arrows, C), the lesion remains very subtle. The findings are compatible with focal cortical dysplasia (surgically confirmed).
- Fig. 3.
A 9-year-old boy with seizures and a right anterior frontal focus on EEG. MR imaging axial T1 with MT (A) and axial T2 (B). T1 with MT shows a linear hyperintense lesion in the right frontal lobe, extending from the subcortical white matter toward the ventricular wall (arrows, A). On the axial T2 image, the lesion is less well-visualized (arrows, B). The findings are compatible with focal cortical dysplasia (diagnosis confirmed clinically).
- Fig. 4.
A 12-year-old girl with tuberous sclerosis. MR imaging axial FLAIR (A) and axial T1 with MT (B). When cross-referencing the multiple bright lesions on the T1 with the MT image (B, not marked by arrows), only 1 shows a bright signal correlate on FLAIR (arrows, A and B). Without the T1 with MT sequence, disease burden in this patient would be significantly underestimated (diagnosis made clinically).
- Fig. 5.
A 4-year-old boy with afebrile seizures. Sequential images on MR imaging axial T2 (A), axial T1 with MT (B), and coronal T2 (C). On axial T2, there is very subtle increased thickness of the left posterior frontal lobe cortex with mild blurring of the gray-white matter junction (arrows, A). MR imaging axial T1 with magnetization transfer shows a corresponding distinct area of hyperintense signal with an irregular shape, located predominantly subcortically (arrows, B). The coronal T2-weighted image shows a gray-matter isointense linear lesion extending from the thickened cortex to the wall of the left lateral ventricle (arrows, C). The findings are compatible with focal cortical dysplasia (surgically confirmed).
- Fig. 6.
A 3-year-old boy with increasing seizure activity. MR imaging axial T1 with MT (A) and axial FLAIR (B). There is a small hyperintense lesion in the supraorbital lateral inferior right frontal lobe on T1 with MT (arrows, A). Axial FLAIR image shows local increased cortical thickness in this area and subtle hyperintense signal (arrows, B). The findings are compatible with focal cortical dysplasia (not surgically confirmed).
- Fig. 7.
A 7-year-old boy with new seizures and an EEG abnormality in the right temporal parietal area. MR imaging axial T1 with MT (A) and axial FLAIR (B). T1 MT shows a small bright lesion in the right posterior frontal cortex (arrows, A). FLAIR image shows a focal hyperintense signal and minimal thickening of the frontal cortex without signal changes in the adjacent subcortical white matter (arrows, B), only seen on a single axial section in each sequence. The findings are compatible with focal cortical dysplasia (surgically confirmed).
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