Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
TBSS analysis between MCI subtypes. md-aMCI compared with sd-aMCI had significantly reduced FA (red to yellow) in a bilateral right-dominant network including right uncinate fasciculus, forceps minor, and internal capsule, as well as bilateral inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, anterior thalamic radiation, superior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, and corticospinal tract. md-aMCI compared with sd-fMCI had less pronounced reduction in FA in right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus and inferior longitudinal fasciculus (blue to light blue). Axial, sagittal, and coronal sections at the indicated position in Montreal Neurological Institute; standard space coordinates (radiologic convention with right hemisphere on left-hand side). Gray, mean FA value; green, average skeleton. Threshold-free cluster enhancement–corrected for multiple comparisons at P < .05. Suprathreshold voxels were enlarged by using TBSS fill (part of FSL) for illustrative purposes.
Tables
Variables sd-aMCI md-aMCI sd-fMCI sd-aMCI Compared with md-aMCI sd-aMCI Compared with sd-fMCI md-aMCI Compared with sd-fMCI Age (years) 65.8 ± 5.4 66.2 ± 5.2 67.0 ± 4.7 .897 (NS) .445 (NS) .358 (NS) Gender (F/M) 7/11 22/13 8/5 .100 (NS) .220 (NS) .933 (NS) Education 2.6 ± 0.6 1.9 ± 0.7 1.9 ± 0.8 .019 (NS) .120 (NS) .284 (NS) MMSE 28.4 ± 1.5 27.7 ± 1.8 28.5 ± 1.5 .115 (NS) .884 (NS) .141 (NS) IADL 8.8 ± 0.8 8.3 ± 0.8 7.8 ± 1.2 .018 (NS) .016 (NS) .310 (NS) HAD (anxiety) 4.8 ± 3.3 6.1 ± 3.0 5.9 ± 3.0 .147 (NS) .176 (NS) .726 (NS) HAD (depression) 1.9 ± 1.9 2.1 ± 1.7 2.9 ± 3.3 .645 (NS) .514 (NS) .382 (NS) Fazekas score 0.7 ± 0.5 1.1 ± 0.9 1.2 ± 1.0 .090 (NS) .851 (NS) .148 (NS) Note:—Data are presented as mean ± SD. Demographic and clinical characteristics did not differ between the 3 groups. NS refers to the Dunn Multiple comparison test adjusted P-value threshold for each demographic and clinical characteristic. sd-fMCI, n = 13; sd-aMCI, n = 18; md-aMCI, n = 35. HAD indicates Hospital Anxiety & Depression; IADL, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination.
Variables sd-aMCI md-aMCI sd-fMCI sd-aMCI Compared with md-aMCI sd-aMCI Compared with sd-fMCI md-aMCI Compared with sd-fMCI Attention WAIS-R; Code 63.1 ± 11.4 55.0 ± 13.1 53.0 ± 12.8 .01461 (NS) .1458 (NS) .3150 (NS) Trail-Making Test A (s) 35.7 ± 7.3 47.9 ± 18.1 45.0 ± 11.3 .001 (S) .151 (NS) .4354 (NS) Working Memory Verbal (Digit) 6.8 ± 2.2 6.1 ± 1.6 7.0 ± 1.8 .233 (NS) .839 (NS) .135 (NS) Visuospatial (Corsi) 5.7 ± 1.4 4.4 ± 1.4 5.9 ± 1.1 .008 (NS) .246 (NS) .0015 (S) Episodic Memory Verbal (Buschke 48) Total score 19.2 ± 4.2 23.63 ± 6.0 24.62 ± 2.3 .0004 (S) .0003 (S) .201 (NS) Immediate recall 38.0 ± 5.2 37.3 ± 3.4 39.5 ± 3.9 .720 (NS) .376 (NS) .230 (NS) Differed cued recall 18.4 ± 3.7 23.6 ± 6.4 24.6 ± 2.3 .163 (NS) .395 (NS) .900 (NS) Intrusions 3.8 ± 3.5 4.0 ± 2.9 3.6 ± 4.9 .501 (NS) .597 (NS) .202 (NS) Visual (Shapes) 11.8 ± 0.7 11.0 ± 1.5 12.0 ± 0.0 .147 (NS) .443 (NS) .049 (NS) Executive functions Trail-Making Test B (s) 54.2 ± 14.3 90.3 ± 41.0 96.50 ± 41.3 .000032 (S) .00015 (S) .33006 (NS) Verbal Fluency 22.7 ± 6.9 22.5 ± 7.1 21.2 ± 6.1 .798 (NS) .335 (NS) .709 (NS) Wisconsin 5.6 ± 2.1 4.7 ± 1.8 4.0 ± 2.5 .104 (NS) .049 (NS) .407 (NS) Language (Boston) 19.4 ± 0.8 19.1 ± 0.9 19.6 ± 0.7 .157 (NS) .570 (NS) .055 (NS) Visual gnosis (Ghent) 5.0 ± 0.0 5.0 ± 0.0 5.0 ± 0.0 .500 (NS) .500 (NS) .500 (NS) Standardized praxies Ideomotor 19.1 ± 1.0 18.9 ± 1.3 19.2 ± 1.1 .188 (NS) .148 (NS) .919 (NS) Reflexive 7.7 ± 0.5 7.0 ± 1.0 6.9 ± 0.9 .0161 (NS) .0139 (NS) .2942 (NS) Constructional 9.6 ± 0.9 9.1 ± 1.2 3.4 ± 0.5 .806 (NS) .371 (NS) .499 (NS) Note:—Data are presented as mean ± SD. sd-fMCI, n = 13; sd-aMCI, n = 18; md-aMCI, n = 35. S and NS refer to the significant and nonsignificant Dunn multiple comparison test adjusted P-value threshold for each demographic and clinical characteristic. Wisconsin: number of completed categories (/6); ideomotor praxis: transitive and intransitive (/30). WAIS-R indicates Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised.
- Table 3:
List of suprathreshold clusters (threshold-free cluster enhancement–corrected at P < .05) for the comparison of MCI subgroups
Cluster Index Voxels Z-MAX Z-MAX X (mm) Z-MAX Y (mm) Z-MAX Z (mm) Z-COG X (mm) Z-COG Y (mm) Z-COG Z (mm) Side Anatomic Location sd-fMCI versus md-aMCI 1 40 .952 −12 −86 −7 −12.8 −85.2 −4.18 Right Inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (occipital) Inferior longitudinal fasciculus (occipital) 2 12 .951 −7 −84 −3 −7.17 −83.8 −2.5 Right Inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (occipital) Inferior longitudinal fasciculus (occipital) sd-aMCI versus md-aMCI 1 3409 .973 25 28 0 29.6 4.3 20.3 Right Inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (frontal) Uncinate fasciculus Anterior thalamic radiation Internal capsule Superior longitudinal fasciculus Corticospinal tract 2 694 .966 −25 −24 24 −32.4 −35.5 13.1 Left Anterior thalamic radiation Superior longitudinal fasciculus Corticospinal tract Inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus Inferior longitudinal fasciculus 3 175 .959 15 −8 56 16.4 −7.61 52.9 Right Superior longitudinal fasciculus 4 66 .954 17 47 −9 17.1 48.9 −6.96 Right Forceps minor Uncinate fasciculus Anterior thalamic radiation Note:—Cluster index, number of suprathreshold voxels in cluster, maximum P value, location of maximum P value per cluster in Montreal Neurological Institute; standard space (X, Y, Z), and center of gravity of the cluster in NMI standard space (X, Y, Z).
md-aMCI versus sd-fMCI md-aMCI versus sd-aMCI sd-fMCI versus sd-aMCI Number of subjects 34/11 34/15 11/15 Chance rate 0.76 0.69 0.58 SVM analysis Accuracy 98.40 (5.90) 97.70 (6.61) 99.67 (3.33) TP rate 1.00 (0.00) 1.00 (0.00) 1.00 (0.00) FP rate 0.06 (0.23) 0.07 (0.20) 0.01 (0.05) TN rate 0.94 (0.23) 0.94 (0.20) 1.00 (0.05) FN rate 0.00 (0.00) 0.00 (0.00) 0.00 (0.00) Note:—Accuracy, true-positive (TP), false-positive (FP), true-negative (TN), and false-negative (FN) rates for individual classifications using a SVM classifier. Note that the accuracy is calculated as average accuracy of 10 repetitions using 10-fold cross-validation (average and standard deviation).
