Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
FA image (A) reveals no abnormality in a patient with TBI. Tractography (B) can be used to delineate a region of interest for analysis. In this case, the forceps major (red) appears normal, but quantitative analysis of FA within this tract showed lower FA in the TBI group compared with controls. Whole-brain voxelwise analysis (C) reveals areas of low (blue) and high (red) FA. Low FA, consistent with TAI, is present within the forceps major at the splenium of the corpus callosum, as well as elsewhere.
- Fig 2.
The number of publications per year reporting DTI in TBI.
- Fig 3.
The number of articles that studied patients at each timeframe and level of injury severity. Articles were only included if there was sufficient information to determine both the severity and the chronicity of individual patient injuries. Articles may be included multiple times if they studied subjects with multiple severities and/or multiple chronicities. A fully referenced version of this figure is available in On-line Table I.
- Fig 4.
Thirteen studies used a longitudinal design. Numbers represent patients from all studies imaged at 2 time points. Nine studies assessed patients at both acute and subacute time points.3,29,39,47,54,56,67,83,85 One study assessed patients at both acute and chronic time points.102 Two studies assessed patients at both subacute and chronic time points.24,93 One study (n = 47) assessed patients twice during the subacute period and, therefore, was omitted from the figure.49
Tables
Locations Findings Corpus callosum, anterior/genu 22b/30 Corpus callosum, posterior/splenium 21b/32 Posterior limb of the internal capsule 11/22 Corpus callosum, body 10/18 Frontal lobe 7/10 Corona radiata 6b/10 Cingulum bundle 7/8 Centrum semiovale 6/11 Brain stem 5/8 Cerebral peduncle 5/7 ↵a Values indicate the number of articles reporting abnormally low FA. Denominators represent the number of studies that assessed FA at these locations, including those that did not find abnormal FA.
↵b Includes articles reporting abnormally high FA. A fully referenced version of this Table is available in On-line Table 2.
Locations Findings Corpus callosum, total 10b/11 Corpus callosum, anterior/genu 8/8 Corpus callosum, posterior/splenium 7/8 Cingulum bundle 6/10 Fornix 5/7 Corpus callosum, body 4/6 Fronto-occipital fasciculus 4/5 Inferior longitudinal fasciculus 4/5 Uncinate fasciculus 4/5 Hippocampus 3/3 ↵a Values indicate the number of articles reporting abnormally low FA. Denominators represent the number of studies that assessed FA at these locations, including those that did not find abnormal FA.
↵b Includes articles reporting abnormally high FA. A fully referenced version of this Table is available in On-line Table 3.
Locations Findings Superior longitudinal fasciculus 7/25 Corpus callosum, anterior/genu 7/25 Inferior longitudinal fasciculus 7/25 Posterior limb of the internal capsule 6/25 Fronto-occipital fasciculus 6/25 Cingulum bundle 5/25 Corona radiata 5/25 Corpus callosum, overall 5/25 Corpus callosum, body 5/25 Fornix 5/25 Frontal lobe 5/25 Temporal lobe 5/25 ↵a Values indicate the number of articles reporting low FA in these locations. Twenty-five articles used voxelwise analysis to assess FA throughout the entire brain. Because whole-brain analyses examine all brain regions, denominators are identical for all brain regions. A fully referenced version of this Table is available in On-line Table 4.
Locations Findings Corpus callosum, posterior/splenium 10b/20 Corpus callosum, anterior/genu 10/16 Frontal lobe 9/10 White matter 7/7 Thalamus 4/6 ↵a Values indicate the number of articles reporting abnormally low MD. Denominators represent the number of studies that assessed MD at these locations, including those that did not find abnormal MD.
↵b Includes articles reporting abnormally high MD. A fully referenced version of this Table is available in On-line Table 5.
Locations Findings Corpus callosum, anterior/genu 4/4 Fronto-occipital fasciculus 4/5 Inferior longitudinal fasciculus 4/5 Uncinate fasciculus 4/4 Cingulum bundle 3b/7 ↵a Values indicate the number of articles reporting abnormally low MD. Denominators represent the number of studies that assessed MD at these locations, including those that did not find abnormal MD.
↵b Includes articles reporting abnormally high MD. A fully referenced version of this Table is available in On-line Table 6.
Locations Findings Cingulum bundle 6/13 Corpus callosum, total 5/13 Superior longitudinal fasciculus 4/13 Posterior limb of the internal capsule 4/13 Fronto-occipital fasciculus 4/13 Frontal lobe 4/13 ↵a Values indicate the number of articles reporting abnormally increased MD in these locations. Thirteen articles used whole-brain analysis to assess MD throughout the entire brain. Because whole-brain analyses examine all brain regions, denominators are identical for all brain regions. A fully referenced version of this Table is available in On-line Table 7.
DTI Measure Correlation Attention Executive Function Memory Motor Psychomotor/Processing Speed Visuospatial IQ FA Positive correlation 11 9 14 4 5 4 2 Negative correlation 6 5 2 0 2 0 0 No correlation 2 6 6 1 1 0 6 MD Positive correlation 3 2 2 0 0 1 0 Negative correlation 4 6 7 0 1 3 0 No correlation 1 4 3 1 2 0 0 Note:—IQ indicates intelligence quotient.
↵a Total number of articles assessing relationships between DTI measures and cognitive outcomes. Cognitive-outcome measures have been categorized as 7 domains (top row). Articles are classified as reporting positive correlation, negative correlation, or no correlation. Positive correlation indicates a correlation coefficient greater than zero. Negative correlation indicates a correlation coefficient less than zero. No correlation includes articles that reported analyzing relationships between the DTI measures and cognitive outcomes within a domain but either reported finding no correlation (correlation coefficient equal to zero) or a correlation with a P value > .05. A fully referenced version of this Table is available in On-line Table 8.
DTI Measure Correlation Global Outcome Measures GCS Postconcussion Symptoms FA Positive correlation 11 5 3 Negative correlation 4 1 3 No correlation 3 8 6 MD Positive correlation 1 1 1 Negative correlation 5 4 2 No correlation 0 0 1 ↵a Total number of articles assessing relationships between DTI measures and global outcome measures (see “Functional Outcomes after TBI”), GCS, or postconcussive symptoms. Articles are classified as reporting positive correlation, negative correlation, or no correlation. Positive correlation indicates a correlation coefficient greater than zero. Negative correlation indicates a correlation coefficient less than zero. No correlation includes articles that reported analyzing relationships between the DTI measure and cognitive outcomes within a domain but either reported finding no correlation (correlation coefficient equal to zero) or a correlation with a P value >.05. A fully referenced version of this Table is available in On-line Table 9.
Jump to section
- Article
- Abstract
- ABBREVIATIONS:
- Subjects with TBI
- Severity, Chronicity, and Study Design
- Data Acquisition Parameters
- Data Analysis Methods
- Specific Diffusion Measures Studied
- Brain Regions
- Functional Outcomes after TBI
- Assessment of Individual Patients with TBI
- Implications, Limitations, and Possibilities
- Acknowledgments
- Footnotes
- REFERENCES
- Figures & Data
- Supplemental
- Info & Metrics
- Responses
- References
Related Articles
Cited By...
- Detecting recent concussion with multidimensional diffusion imaging: enhanced sensitivity over fractional anisotropy
- Probabilistic Mapping and Automated Segmentation of Human Brainstem White Matter Bundles
- Imaging traumatic brain injuries in mice with potassium channel PET tracer [18F]3F4AP
- Longitudinal multimodal neuroimaging after traumatic brain injury
- Dense Longitudinal Precision Neuroimaging of Recovery from Traumatic Brain Injury
- Regionally specific resting-state beta neural power predicts brain injury and symptom recovery in adolescents with concussion: a longitudinal study
- Evidence Suggesting Prolonged Neuroinflammation in a Subset of Children after Moderate/Severe TBI: A UCLA RAPBI Study
- Volumetric and Diffusion Tensor Imaging biomarkers indicating long lasting post-concussion abnormalities in a youth pig model of mild Traumatic Brain Injury
- Brain volume changes following blast-related mild TBI in service members and veterans: a LIMBIC-CENC study
- Disrupted maturation of white matter microstructure after concussion contributes to internalizing behavior problems in female children
- Automated detection of axonal damage along white matter tracts in acute severe traumatic brain injury
- Towards Understanding Comprehensive Morphometric Changes and Its Correlation with Cognition and Exposure to Fighting in Active Professional Boxers
- Abnormal Neurite Density and Orientation Dispersion in Frontal Lobe Link to Elevated Hyperactive/Impulsive Behaviors in Young Adults with Traumatic Brain Injury
- White Matter Disruption in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Results From ENIGMA Pediatric Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
- Multi-tract multi-symptom relationships in pediatric concussion
- Traumatic Cerebral Microbleeds in the Subacute Phase Are Practical and Early Predictors of Abnormality of the Normal-Appearing White Matter in the Chronic Phase
- Connectomic Assessment of Injury Burden and Longitudinal Structural Network Alterations in Moderate-to-severe Traumatic Brain Injury
- White matter and concussion: Are we on the right tract?
- Time course and diagnostic utility of NfL, tau, GFAP, and UCH-L1 in subacute and chronic TBI
- Neurofilament light as a biomarker in traumatic brain injury
- Tractography-Pathology Correlations in Traumatic Brain Injury: A TRACK-TBI Study
- Neuropsychological outcomes following traumatic brain injury
- Randomised controlled clinical trial of a structured cognitive rehabilitation in patients with attention deficit following mild traumatic brain injury: study protocol
- Structural abnormalities in thalamo-prefrontal tracks revealed by high angular resolution diffusion imaging predict working memory scores in concussed children
- Relationship between white matter integrity and post-traumatic cognitive deficits: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Defining an Analytic Framework to Evaluate Quantitative MRI Markers of Traumatic Axonal Injury: Preliminary Results in a Mouse Closed Head Injury Model
- Diverging white matter trajectories in children after traumatic brain injury: The RAPBI study
- Trauma Imaging: A Literature Review
- Analysis of head impact exposure and brain microstructure response in a season-long application of a jugular vein compression collar: a prospective, neuroimaging investigation in American football
- Principal Component Analysis of Diffusion Tensor Images to Determine White Matter Injury Patterns Underlying Postconcussive Headache
- Imaging assessment of traumatic brain injury
- Callosal Function in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury Linked to Disrupted White Matter Integrity
- Imaging Evidence and Recommendations for Traumatic Brain Injury: Advanced Neuro- and Neurovascular Imaging Techniques
- Classification algorithms using multiple MRI features in mild traumatic brain injury
- Single-Neuron NMDA Receptor Phenotype Influences Neuronal Rewiring and Reintegration following Traumatic Injury