Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Quantitative measurements for assessment of vessel sharpness and estimated vessel width of 4D-MRA of intracranial vessels. A, Sagittal original section of the 4D MRA dataset and the site of measurement in the superior sagittal sinus (bar). B and C, Line-enhancement profile curves were used to estimate vessel sharpness by the reciprocal of the sum of the distances from 25% to 75% maximum-enhancement levels (thick lines, formula in the middle bar, B) and vessel width as the FWHM of the given profile (C).
- Fig 2.
Pre- and postoperative 4D-MRA and DSA in a 21-year-old man with a small left temporal cAVM, grade II (Spetzler-Martin classification). A and C, In preoperative full-volume lateral maximum-intensity-projection 4D-MRA (A) and selective DSA via the left vertebral artery (C), the small nidus is visualized. B and D, In postoperative full-volume lateral maximum-intensity-projection 4D-MRA (B) and selective DSA via the left vertebral artery (D), complete resection of the lesion is verified.
- Fig 3.
Pre- and postoperative 4D-MRA and postoperative transversal diffusion-weighted image (b = 1000) in a 23-year-old man with a right temporal cAVM grade II (Spetzler-Martin classification). The nidus (arrows) is visualized accordingly in preoperative full-volume lateral maximum-intensity-projection 4D-MRA (A) and selective DSA via the right vertebral artery (B). Only a few small arterial feeders could be occluded intraoperatively, and resection of the nidus was not possible. C, Postoperative full-volume lateral maximum-intensity-projection 4D-MRA reveals residual filling of the nidus (arrow) according to the operative site, and a transversal diffusion-weighted image (D) confirms a partial infarction of the right middle cerebral artery territory (arrowhead) and parts of the right thalamus.
Tables
- Table 1:
Estimates of vessel sharpness (1 mm) defined as the reciprocal sum of the width from 25% to 75% of the maximum intensity increase in 3 arterial and 3 venous vessel segments and decreasing vessel diameters
All Group 1 Group 2 T Test A1 0.39 ± 0.04 0.37 ± 0.03 0.40 ± 0.04 .0010a A2 0.41 ± 0.08 0.41 ± 0.10 0.41 ± 0.07 .4896 A3 0.47 ± 0.10 0.47 ± 0.12 0.47 ± 0.09 .4928 V1 0.30 ± 0.05 0.28 ± 0.04 0.30 ± 0.05 .0648 V2 0.35 ± 0.06 0.37 ± 0.08 0.34 ± 0.06 .0543 V3 0.52 ± 0.15 0.62 ± 0.24 0.49 ± 0.11 .0016a Note:—A1 indicates internal cerebral artery (lacerum segment, large artery); A2, middle cerebral artery (proximal segment “M1,” medium-sized artery); A3, anterior cerebral artery (small artery); V1, superior sagittal sinus (1 cm proximal of the confluens, large vein); V2, straight sinus (1 cm proximal of the confluens, medium-sized vein); V3, inferior sagittal sinus (1 cm proximal to the straight sinus, small vein).
↵a Significant (P < .05).
- Table 2:
Estimated vessel width FWHM (millimeters) defined as the full width of the line profile at 50% of the maximum intensity increase in 3 arterial and 3 venous vessel segments and decreasing vessel diameters
All Group 1 Group 2 T Test A1 4.22 ± 0.58 4.23 ± 0.72 4.22 ± 0.55 .4812 A2 3.28 ± 0.47 3.31 ± 0.53 3.28 ± 0.45 .4105 A3 2.84 ± 0.45 2.88 ± 0.37 2.83 ± 0.47 .3345 V1 6.52 ± 1.31 6.67 ± 1.87 6.48 ± 1.14 .3135 V2 4.20 ± 0.69 4.02 ± 0.86 4.25 ± 0.64 .1269 V3 2.57 ± 0.55 2.25 ± 0.56 2.65 ± 0.52 .0055a ↵a Significant (P < .05).
- Table 3:
Vessel-to-background measurements in 3 arterial and 3 venous vessel segments and decreasing vessel diameters
All Group 1 Group 2 T Test A1 0.92 ± 0.05 0.88 ± 0.07 0.93 ± 0.04 .0008a A2 0.84 ± 0.11 0.77 ± 0.15 0.85 ± 0.10 .0035a A3 0.65 ± 0.13 0.56 ± 0.12 0.67 ± 0.13 .0034a V1 0.91 ± 0.05 0.86 ± 0.05 0.92 ± 0.04 .0000a V2 0.83 ± 0.10 0.76 ± 0.15 0.85 ± 0.08 .0018a V3 0.52 ± 0.19 0.34 ± 0.23 0.56 ± 0.15 .0000a ↵a Significant (P < .05).
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