Improvement in Angiographic Cerebral Vasospasm after Intra-Arterial Verapamil Administration

References

1. 1.↵
   1. de Rooij NK,
   2. Linn FHH,
   3. van der Plas JA,
   4. et al

   . Incidence of subarachnoid haemorrhage: a systematic review with emphasis on region, age, gender and time trends. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2007;78:1365–72

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
2. 2.↵
   1. van Gijn J,
   2. Rinkel GJ

   . Subarachnoid haemorrhage: diagnosis, causes and management. Brain 2001;124(pt 2):249–78

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
3. 3.↵
   1. Macdonald RL

   . Management of cerebral vasospasm. Neurosurg Rev 2006;29:179–93

   CrossRefPubMed
4. 4.↵
   1. Suarez JI,
   2. Tarr RW,
   3. Selman WR

   . Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. N Engl J Med 2006;354:387–96

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
5. 5.↵
   1. Weyer GW,
   2. Nolan CP,
   3. Macdonald RL

   . Evidence-based cerebral vasospasm management. Neurosurg Focus 2006;21:E8

   PubMed
6. 6.↵
   1. Eddleman CS,
   2. Hurley MC,
   3. Naidech AM,
   4. et al

   . Endovascular options in the treatment of delayed ischemic neurological deficits due to cerebral vasospasm. Neurosurg Focus 2009;26:E6

   PubMed
7. 7.↵
   1. Feng L,
   2. Fitzsimmons B,
   3. Young WL,
   4. et al

   . Intraarterially administered verapamil as adjunct therapy for cerebral vasospasm: safety and 2-year experience. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2002;23:1284–90

   Abstract/FREE Full Text
8. 8.↵
   1. Keuskamp J,
   2. Murali R,
   3. Chao KH

   . High-dose intraarterial verapamil in the treatment of cerebral vasospasm after aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg 2008;108:458–63

   CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
9. 9.↵
   1. Mazumdar A,
   2. Rivet DJ,
   3. Derdeyn CP,
   4. et al

   . Effect of intraarterial verapamil on the diameter of vasospastic intracranial arteries in patients with cerebral vasospasm. Neurosurg Focus 2006;21:E15

   PubMed
10. 10.↵
    1. Albanese E,
    2. Russo A,
    3. Quiroga M,
    4. et al

    . Ultrahigh-dose intraarterial infusion of verapamil through an indwelling microcatheter for medically refractory severe vasospasm: initial experience. J Neurosurg 2010;113:913–22

    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
11. 11.↵
    1. Eskesen V,
    2. Karle A,
    3. Kruse A,
    4. et al

    . Observer variability in assessment of angiographic vasospasm after aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1987;87:54–57

    CrossRefPubMed
12. 12.↵
    1. Mussa S,
    2. Prior T,
    3. Alp N,
    4. et al

    . Duration of action of antispasmodic agents: novel use of a mouse model as an in vivo pharmacological assay. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2004;26:988–94

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
13. 13.↵
    1. Scholz H

    . Pharmacological aspects of calcium channel blockers. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 1997;10(suppl 3):869–72

    CrossRefPubMed
14. 14.↵
    1. Shimizu K,
    2. Ohta T,
    3. Toda N

    . Evidence for greater susceptibility of isolated dog cerebral arteries to Ca antagonists than peripheral arteries. Stroke 1980;11:261–66

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
15. 15.↵
    1. Megyesi JF,
    2. Findlay JM,
    3. Vollrath B,
    4. et al

    . In vivo angioplasty prevents the development of vasospasm in canine carotid arteries. Stroke 1997;28:1216–24

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
16. 16.↵
    1. Macdonald RL,
    2. Zhang J,
    3. Han H

    . Angioplasty reduces pharmacologically mediated vasoconstriction in rabbit carotid arteries with and without vasospasm. Stroke 1995;26:1053–60

    Abstract/FREE Full Text
17. 17.↵
    1. Westhout FD,
    2. Nwagwu CI

    . Intra-arterial verapamil-induced seizures: case report and review of the literature. Surg Neurol 2007;67:483–86

    CrossRefPubMed