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Research ArticleNeurointervention

Impact of Intra-Arterial Injection Parameters on Arterial, Capillary, and Venous Time-Concentration Curves in a Canine Model

A.S. Ahmed, Y. Deuerling-Zheng, C.M. Strother, K.A. Pulfer, M. Zellerhoff, T. Redel, K. Royalty, D. Consigny, M.J. Lindstrom and D.B. Niemann
American Journal of Neuroradiology August 2009, 30 (7) 1337-1341; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A1586
A.S. Ahmed
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Y. Deuerling-Zheng
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C.M. Strother
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K.A. Pulfer
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M. Zellerhoff
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T. Redel
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K. Royalty
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D. Consigny
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M.J. Lindstrom
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D.B. Niemann
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    Fig 1.

    Three views from the 3D reconstruction used to determine time concentration curves for arterial, parenchyma and venous structures (A, B, and C). The corresponding time-concentration curves are shown in D, E, and F.

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    Fig 2.

    Time-concentration curves observed over an artery (A) and vein (B) at 4 different volumes while the rate of injection remained constant.

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    Table 1:

    Injection protocol

    GroupVolume (mL)Rate (mL/s)Duration (s)ConcentrationCatheter Position
    1Constant, 8 mLVariable, 1, 2, 4, 8 mL/sVariable, 1, 2, 4, 8 secondsConstant, 100%Constant, prox ICA
    2Variable, 4, 8, 12, 16 mLConstant, 4 mL/sVariable, 1–4 secondsConstant, 100%Constant, prox ICA
    3Variable, 4, 8, 12, 16 mLVariable, 2, 4, 6, 8 mL/sConstant, 2 secondsConstant, 100%Constant, prox ICA
    4Constant, 8 mLConstant, 4 mL/sConstant, 2 secondsVariable, 25, 50, 75, 100%Constant, prox ICA
    5Constant, 8 mLConstant, 4 mL/sConstant, 2 secondsConstant, 100%Variable, prox, middle, distal ICA
    • Note:—Prox ICA indicates proximal internal carotid artery.

    • View popup
    Table 2:

    P values from the assessment of TTP, peak opacification, and AUC differences when comparing injection protocols: variable rate and volume with constant duration (2 seconds)*

    RateTTP CapillaryTTP ArterialTTP VenousPeak CapillaryPeak ArterialPeak VenousAUC CapillaryAUC ArterialAUC Venous
    Overall.0334.0102.0363.0009.0057.0003.0004.0003<.0001
    2–4 mL/s.9598.4923.4592.1147.0179.0020.1111.0152.0002
    2–6 mL/s.1024.0110.0302.0022.0038.0002.0007.0003<.0001
    2–8 mL/s.0126.0041.0114.0002.0011<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001
    4–6 mL/s.1117.0404.1165.0503.4158.2065.0171.0512.0584
    4–8 mL/s.0139.0153.0465.0034.1592.0534.0018.0062.0020
    6–8 mL/s.2680.6066.6069.1678.5229.4355.2423.2739.0918
    • Note:—TTP indicates time-to-peak; AUC, area under curve.

    • * P values for paired contrasts were not calculated if no overall significant difference of the group was observed.

    • View popup
    Table 3:

    P values from the assessment of TTP, peak opacification, and AUC differences when comparing injection protocols: variable volume and duration with constant rate*

    TTP CapillaryTTP ArterialTTP VenousPeak CapillaryPeak ArterialPeak VenousAUC CapillaryAUC ArterialAUC Venous
    Overall0.9897<.0001.0161<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001
    4–8 mL.7927.0111.0031<.0001.0014.0033.0016.0015
    4–12 mL.0005.6923<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001
    4–16 mL.0001.9761<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001
    8–12 mL.0003.0046.0004.0027.0003.0004.0001.0002
    8–16 mL<.0001.0104<.0001.0001.0001<.0001<.0001<.0001
    12–16 mL.5841.7144.1945.1677.6919.2334.0495.3619
    • * Pvalues for paired contrasts were not calculated if no overall significant difference of the group was observed.

    • View popup
    Table 4:

    P values from the assessment of TTP, peak opacification, and AUC differences when comparing injection protocols: variable concentration*

    TTP CapillaryTTP ArterialTTP VenousPeak CapillaryPeak ArterialPeak VenousAUC CapillaryAUC ArterialAUC Venous
    Overall.2235<.0001.0072.0432.0040.0035.0789.0009.1901
    100%–25%<.0001.0086.0186.0023.0008.0004
    100%–50%.0977.0132.0122.0015.0038.0064
    100%–75%.2582.9593.1971.1609.1356.6618
    25%–50%.0004.8427.8466.8578.4980.2259
    25%–75%<.0001.0077.2277.0517.0245.0011
    50%–75%.0093.0118.1656.0360.0949.0166
    • * P values for paired contrasts were not calculated if no overall significant difference of the group was observed.

    • View popup
    Table 5:

    P values from the assessment of TTP, peak opacification, and AUC differences when comparing injection protocols: variable rate and duration with constant volume*

    TTP CapillaryTTP ArterialTTP VenousPeak CapillaryPeak ArterialPeak VenousAUC CapillaryAUC ArterialAUC Venous
    Overall.0496.1288.0444.0128.0282.0805.0418.2567.0956
    1–2 mL/s.0483.0075.9195.2043.1035
    1–4 mL/s.0291.0644.0171.0057.2754
    1–8 mL/s.0108.0371.0174.0229.3659
    2–4 mL/s.8036.3116.0137.0854.0109
    2–8 mL/s.4775.4571.0140.2575.0165
    4–8 mL/s.6419.7819.9934.5236.8458
    • * P values for paired contrasts were not calculated if no overall significant difference of the group was observed.

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A.S. Ahmed, Y. Deuerling-Zheng, C.M. Strother, K.A. Pulfer, M. Zellerhoff, T. Redel, K. Royalty, D. Consigny, M.J. Lindstrom, D.B. Niemann
Impact of Intra-Arterial Injection Parameters on Arterial, Capillary, and Venous Time-Concentration Curves in a Canine Model
American Journal of Neuroradiology Aug 2009, 30 (7) 1337-1341; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A1586

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Impact of Intra-Arterial Injection Parameters on Arterial, Capillary, and Venous Time-Concentration Curves in a Canine Model
A.S. Ahmed, Y. Deuerling-Zheng, C.M. Strother, K.A. Pulfer, M. Zellerhoff, T. Redel, K. Royalty, D. Consigny, M.J. Lindstrom, D.B. Niemann
American Journal of Neuroradiology Aug 2009, 30 (7) 1337-1341; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A1586
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