Skip to main content
Advertisement

Main menu

  • Home
  • Content
    • Current Issue
    • Accepted Manuscripts
    • Article Preview
    • Past Issue Archive
    • Video Articles
    • AJNR Case Collection
    • Case of the Week Archive
    • Case of the Month Archive
    • Classic Case Archive
  • Special Collections
    • AJNR Awards
    • Low-Field MRI
    • Alzheimer Disease
    • ASNR Foundation Special Collection
    • Photon-Counting CT
    • View All
  • Multimedia
    • AJNR Podcasts
    • AJNR SCANtastic
    • Trainee Corner
    • MRI Safety Corner
    • Imaging Protocols
  • For Authors
    • Submit a Manuscript
    • Submit a Video Article
    • Submit an eLetter to the Editor/Response
    • Manuscript Submission Guidelines
    • Statistical Tips
    • Fast Publishing of Accepted Manuscripts
    • Graphical Abstract Preparation
    • Imaging Protocol Submission
    • Author Policies
  • About Us
    • About AJNR
    • Editorial Board
    • Editorial Board Alumni
  • More
    • Become a Reviewer/Academy of Reviewers
    • Subscribers
    • Permissions
    • Alerts
    • Feedback
    • Advertisers
    • ASNR Home

User menu

  • Alerts
  • Log in

Search

  • Advanced search
American Journal of Neuroradiology
American Journal of Neuroradiology

American Journal of Neuroradiology

ASHNR American Society of Functional Neuroradiology ASHNR American Society of Pediatric Neuroradiology ASSR
  • Alerts
  • Log in

Advanced Search

  • Home
  • Content
    • Current Issue
    • Accepted Manuscripts
    • Article Preview
    • Past Issue Archive
    • Video Articles
    • AJNR Case Collection
    • Case of the Week Archive
    • Case of the Month Archive
    • Classic Case Archive
  • Special Collections
    • AJNR Awards
    • Low-Field MRI
    • Alzheimer Disease
    • ASNR Foundation Special Collection
    • Photon-Counting CT
    • View All
  • Multimedia
    • AJNR Podcasts
    • AJNR SCANtastic
    • Trainee Corner
    • MRI Safety Corner
    • Imaging Protocols
  • For Authors
    • Submit a Manuscript
    • Submit a Video Article
    • Submit an eLetter to the Editor/Response
    • Manuscript Submission Guidelines
    • Statistical Tips
    • Fast Publishing of Accepted Manuscripts
    • Graphical Abstract Preparation
    • Imaging Protocol Submission
    • Author Policies
  • About Us
    • About AJNR
    • Editorial Board
    • Editorial Board Alumni
  • More
    • Become a Reviewer/Academy of Reviewers
    • Subscribers
    • Permissions
    • Alerts
    • Feedback
    • Advertisers
    • ASNR Home
  • Follow AJNR on Twitter
  • Visit AJNR on Facebook
  • Follow AJNR on Instagram
  • Join AJNR on LinkedIn
  • RSS Feeds

AJNR Awards, New Junior Editors, and more. Read the latest AJNR updates

OtherReview Articles

Noninvasive Molecular Neuroimaging Using Reporter Genes: Part II, Experimental, Current, and Future Applications

T.F. Massoud, A. Singh and S.S. Gambhir
American Journal of Neuroradiology March 2008, 29 (3) 409-418; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A0863
T.F. Massoud
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
A. Singh
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
S.S. Gambhir
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
  • Responses
  • References
  • PDF
Loading

References

  1. ↵
    Massoud TF, Gambhir SS. Molecular imaging in living subjects: seeing fundamental biological processes in a new light. Genes Dev 2003;17:545–80
    FREE Full Text
  2. Weissleder R, Mahmood U. Molecular imaging. Radiology 2001;219:316–33
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  3. Jaffer FA, Weissleder R. Molecular imaging in the clinical arena. JAMA 2005;16:855–62
  4. Gross S, Piwnica-Worms D. Molecular imaging strategies for drug discovery and development. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2006;10:334–42
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  5. ↵
    Blasberg RG, Tjuvajev JG. Molecular-genetic imaging: current and future perspectives. J Clin Invest 2003;111:1620–29
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  6. ↵
    Gambhir SS, Barrio JR, Herschman HR, et al. Assays for noninvasive imaging of reporter gene expression. Nucl Med Biol 1999;26:481–90
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  7. ↵
    Blasberg R. Imaging gene expression and endogenous molecular processes: molecular imaging. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2002;22:1157–64
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  8. ↵
    Massoud TF, Singh A, Gambhir SS. Noninvasive molecular neuroimaging using reporter genes. Part I, Principles revisited. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2008;29:229–34
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  9. ↵
    Brenner M. Gene marking. Hum Gene Ther 1996;7:1927–36
    PubMedWeb of Science
  10. ↵
    Rehemtulla A, Stegman LD, Cardozo SJ, et al. Rapid and quantitative assessment of cancer treatment response using in vivo bioluminescence imaging. Neoplasia 2000;2:491–95
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  11. ↵
    Deroose CM, Reumers V, Gijsbers R, et al. Noninvasive monitoring of long-term lentiviral vector-mediated gene expression in rodent brain with bioluminescence imaging. Mol Ther 2006;14:423–31. Epub 2006 Jul 3
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  12. Pike L, Petravicz J, Wang S. Bioluminescence imaging after HSV amplicon vector delivery into brain. J Gene Med 2006;8:804–13
    CrossRefPubMed
  13. Burgos JS, Rosol M, Moats RA, et al. Time course of bioluminescent signal in orthotopic and heterotopic brain tumors in nude mice. Biotechniques 2003;34:1184–88
    PubMedWeb of Science
  14. ↵
    Cho SY, Ravasi L, Szajek LP, et al. Evaluation of (76)Br-FBAU as a PET reporter probe for HSV1-tk gene expression imaging using mouse models of human glioma. J Nucl Med 2005;46:1923–30
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  15. Szentirmai O, Baker CH, Lin N, et al. Noninvasive bioluminescence imaging of luciferase expressing intracranial U87 xenografts: correlation with magnetic resonance imaging determined tumor volume and longitudinal use in assessing tumor growth and antiangiogenic treatment effect. Neurosurgery 2006;58:365–72
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  16. Kemper EM, Leenders W, Kusters B, et al. Development of luciferase tagged brain tumour models in mice for chemotherapy intervention studies. Eur J Cancer 2006;42:3294–303
    CrossRefPubMed
  17. Chaudhari AJ, Darvas F, Bading JR, et al. Hyperspectral and multispectral bioluminescence optical tomography for small animal imaging. Phys Med Biol 2005;50:5421–41
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  18. Yang M, Baranov E, Moossa AR, et al. Visualizing gene expression by whole-body fluorescence imaging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000;97:12278–82
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  19. Buursma AR, de Vries EF, Garssen J, et al. [18F]FHPG positron emission tomography for detection of herpes simplex virus (HSV) in experimental HSV encephalitis. J Virol 2005;79:7721–27
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  20. Rubin JB, Kung AL, Klein RS, et al. A small-molecule antagonist of CXCR4 inhibits intracranial growth of primary brain tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003;100:13513–18
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  21. Prins RM, Bruhn KW, Craft N, et al. Central nervous system tumor immunity generated by a recombinant listeria monocytogenes vaccine targeting tyrosinase related protein-2 and real-time imaging of intracranial tumor burden. Neurosurgery 2006;58:169–78
    CrossRefPubMed
  22. Moriyama EH, Bisland SK, Lilge L, et al. Bioluminescence imaging of the response of rat gliosarcoma to ALA-PpIX-mediated photodynamic therapy. Photochem Photobiol 2004;80:242–49
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  23. ↵
    Hsu AR, Hou LC, Veeravagu A, et al. In vivo near-infrared fluorescence imaging of integrin alphavbeta3 in an orthotopic glioblastoma model. Mol Imaging Biol 2006;8:315–23
    CrossRefPubMed
  24. ↵
    Becker W, Meller J The role of nuclear medicine in infection and inflammation. Lancet Infect Dis 2001;1:326–33
    CrossRefPubMed
  25. ↵
    Chemaly ER, Yoneyama R, Frangioni JV, et al. Tracking stem cells in the cardiovascular system. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2005;15:297–302
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  26. ↵
    Luker KE, Hutchens M, Schultz T, et al. Bioluminescence imaging of vaccinia virus: effects of interferon on viral replication and spread. Virology 2005;341:284–300. Epub 2005 Aug 10
    CrossRefPubMed
  27. Cook SH, Griffin DE. Luciferase imaging of a neurotropic viral infection in intact animals. J Virol 2003;77:5333–38
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  28. ↵
    Luker GD, Bardill JP, Prior JL, et al. Noninvasive bioluminescence imaging of herpes simplex virus type 1 infection and therapy in living mice. J Virol 2002;76:12149–61
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  29. ↵
    Franke-Fayard B, Janse CJ, Cunha-Rodrigues M, et al. Murine malaria parasite sequestration: CD36 is the major receptor, but cerebral pathology is unlinked to sequestration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005;102:11468–73
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  30. ↵
    Jenkins DE, Hornig YS, Oei Y, et al. Bioluminescent human breast cancer cell lines that permit rapid and sensitive in vivo detection of mammary tumors and multiple metastases in immune deficient mice. Breast Cancer Res 2005;7:R444–54
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  31. ↵
    Tang Y, Shah K, Messerli SM, et al. In vivo tracking of neural progenitor cell migration to glioblastomas. Hum Gene Ther 2003;14:1247–54
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  32. ↵
    Shah K, Bureau E, Kim DE, et al. Glioma therapy and real-time imaging of neural precursor cell migration and tumor regression. Ann Neurol 2005;57:34–41
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  33. ↵
    Kim DE, Schellingerhout D, Ishii K, et al. Imaging of stem cell recruitment to ischemic infarcts in a murine model. Stroke 2004;35:952–57
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  34. ↵
    Kim DE, Tsuji K, Kim YR, et al. Neural stem cell transplant survival in brains of mice: assessing the effect of immunity and ischemia by using real-time bioluminescent imaging. Radiology 2006;241:822–30
    CrossRefPubMed
  35. ↵
    Okada S, Ishii K, Yamane J, et al. In vivo imaging of engrafted neural stem cells: its application in evaluating the optimal timing of transplantation for spinal cord injury. FASEB J 2005;19:1839–41. Epub 2005 Sep 1
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  36. ↵
    Min JJ, Gambhir SS. Gene therapy progress and prospects: noninvasive imaging of gene therapy in living subjects. Gene Ther 2004;11:115–25
    PubMed
  37. ↵
    Ray P, Bauer E, Iyer M, et al. Monitoring gene therapy with reporter gene imaging. Semin Nucl Med 2001;31:312–20
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  38. ↵
    Lipshutz GS, Gruber CA, Cao Y. In utero delivery of adeno-associated viral vectors: intraperitoneal gene transfer produces long-term expression. Mol Ther 2001;3:284–92
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  39. ↵
    Yosmitsu M, Sato T, Tao K, et al. Bioluminescent imaging of a marking transgene and correction of Fabry mice by neonatal injection of recombinant lentiviral vectors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004;101:16909–14
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  40. ↵
    Ohlfest JR, Demorest ZL, Motooka Y, et al. Combinatorial antiangiogenic gene therapy by nonviral gene transfer using the sleeping beauty transposon causes tumor regression and improves survival in mice bearing intracranial human glioblastoma. Mol Ther 2005;12:778–88. Epub 2005 Sep 16
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  41. ↵
    Rehemtulla A, Hall DE, Stegman LD, et al. Molecular imaging of gene expression and efficacy following adenoviral-mediated brain tumor gene therapy. Mol Imaging 2002;1:43–55
    CrossRefPubMed
  42. ↵
    Sharpless NE, DePinho RA. The mighty mouse: genetically engineered mouse models in cancer drug development. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2006;5:741–54
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  43. ↵
    Nieman BJ, Bock NA, Bishop J, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging for detection and analysis of mouse phenotypes. NMR Biomed 2005;18:447–68
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  44. ↵
    Ciana P, Raviscioni M, Mussi P, et al. In vivo imaging of transcriptionally active estrogen receptors. Nat Med 2003;9:82–86
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  45. Zhu L, Ramboz S, Hewitt D, et al. Non-invasive imaging of GFAP expression after neuronal damage in mice. Neurosci Lett 2004;367:210–12
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  46. ↵
    Lin AH, Luo J, Mondshein LH, et al. Global analysis of Smad2/3-dependent TGF-beta signaling in living mice reveals prominent tissue-specific responses to injury. J Immunol 2005;175:547–54
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  47. Luo J, Lin AH, Masliah E, et al. Bioluminescence imaging of Smad signaling in living mice shows correlation with excitotoxic neurodegeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006;103:18326–31
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  48. Zhang N, Ahsan MH, Purchio AF, et al. Serum amyloid A-luciferase transgenic mice: response to sepsis, acute arthritis, and contact hypersensitivity and the effects of proteasome inhibition. J Immunol 2005;174:8125–34
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  49. Bonano VI, Oltean S, Brazas RM, et al. Imaging the alternative silencing of FGFR2 exon IIIb in vivo. RNA 2006;12:2073–79. Epub 2006 Oct 26
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  50. Zhang N, Ahsan MH, Zhu L, et al. Regulation of IkappaBalpha expression involves both NF-kappaB and the MAP kinase signaling pathways. J Inflamm (Lond) 2005;2:10
    CrossRefPubMed
  51. ↵
    Kadurugamuwa JL, Modi K, Coquoz O, et al. Reduction of astrogliosis by early treatment of pneumococcal meningitis measured by simultaneous imaging, in vivo, of the pathogen and host response. Infect Immun 2005;73:7836–43
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  52. Collaco AM, Geusz ME. Monitoring immediate-early gene expression through firefly luciferase imaging of HRS/J hairless mice. BMC Physiol 2003;3:8 . Epub 2003 Aug 19
    CrossRefPubMed
  53. Lemmen JG, Arends RJ, van Boxtel AL, et al. Tissue- and time-dependent estrogen receptor activation in estrogen reporter mice. J Mol Endocrinol 2004;32:689–701
    Abstract
  54. ↵
    Vooijs M, Jonkers J, Lyons S, et al. Noninvasive imaging of spontaneous retinoblastoma pathway-dependent tumors in mice. Cancer Res 2002;62:1862–67
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  55. ↵
    Momota H, Holland EC. Bioluminescence technology for imaging cell proliferation. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2005;16:681–86
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  56. ↵
    Massoud TF, Paulmurugan R, De A, et al. Reporter gene imaging of protein-protein interactions in living subjects. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2007;18:31–37
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  57. ↵
    Kim SB, Ozawa T, Watanabe S, et al. High-throughput sensing and noninvasive imaging of protein nuclear transport by using reconstitution of split Renilla luciferase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004;101:11542–47. Epub 2004 Aug 2
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  58. ↵
    Pomper MG. Translational molecular imaging for cancer. Cancer Imaging 2005;5:S16–S26
    CrossRefPubMed
  59. ↵
    Somia N, Verma IM. Gene therapy: trials and tribulations. Nat Rev Genet 2000;1:91–99
    PubMedWeb of Science
  60. ↵
    Lucignani G, Ottobrini L, Martelli C, et al. Molecular imaging of cell-mediated cancer immunotherapy. Trends Biotechnol 2006;24:410–18
    CrossRefPubMed
  61. ↵
    Swijnenburg RJ, van der Bogt KE, Sheikh AY, et al. Clinical hurdles for the transplantation of cardiomyocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells: role of molecular imaging. Curr Opin Biotecnol 2007;18:38–45
    CrossRef
  62. ↵
    Yaghoubi S, Jensen MC, Wang Y, et al. Imaging of HSV1-tk expressing cytolytic T cell clones in glioma patients with [18F]FHBG positron emission tomography. Mol Ther 2007;15 (suppl 1):S229
    CrossRef
  63. ↵
    Yaghoubi S, Barrio JR, Dahlbom M, et al. Human pharmacokinetic and dosimetry studies of [(18)F]FHBG: a reporter probe for imaging herpes simplex virus type-1 thymidine kinase reporter gene expression. J Nucl Med 2001;42:1225–34
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  64. ↵
    Yaghoubi SS, Couto MA, Chen CC, et al. Preclinical safety evaluation of 18F-FHBG: a PET reporter probe for imaging herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (HSV1-tk) or mutant HSV1-sr39tk's expression. J Nucl Med 2006;47:706–15
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  65. ↵
    Abbott NJ, Chugani DC, Zaharchuk G, et al. Delivery of imaging agents into brain. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 1999;37:253–77
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  66. ↵
    Abbott NJ, Ronnback L, Hansson E, et al. Astrocyte-endothelial interactions at the blood-brain barrier. Nat Rev Neurosci 2006;7:41–53
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  67. ↵
    Wolburg H, Lippoldt A. Tight junctions of the blood-brain barrier: development, composition and regulation. Vascul Pharmacol 2002;38:323–37
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  68. ↵
    Kroll RA, Neuwelt EA. Outwitting the blood-brain barrier for therapeutic purposes: osmotic opening and other means. Neurosurgery 1998;42:1083–99
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  69. ↵
    Iyer M, Barrio JR, Namavari M, et al. 8-[18F]Fluoropenciclovir: an improved reporter probe for imaging HSV1-tk reporter gene expression in vivo using PET. J Nucl Med 2001;42:96–105
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  70. ↵
    Hospers GAP, Calogero A, van Waarde A, et al. Monitoring of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase enzyme activity using positron emission tomography. Cancer Res 2000;60:1488–91
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  71. ↵
    Bidanset DJ, Placidi L, Rybak R, et al. Intravenous infusion of cereport increases uptake and efficacy of acyclovir in herpes simplex virus-infected rat brains. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001;45:2316–23
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  72. ↵
    Wahl M, Unterberg A, Baethmann A, et al. Mediators of blood-brain barrier dysfunction and formation of vasogenic brain edema. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1988;8:621–34
    PubMedWeb of Science
  73. ↵
    LeMay DR, Kittaka M, Gordon EM, et al. Intravenous RMP-7 increases delivery of ganciclovir into rat brain tumors and enhances the effects of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene therapy. Hum Gene Ther 1998;9:989–95
    PubMedWeb of Science
  74. ↵
    Urbain JL. Reporter genes and imagine. J Nucl Med 2001;42:106–09
    FREE Full Text
  75. ↵
    Jacobs A, Voges J, Reszka R, et al. Positron-emission tomography of vector-mediated gene expression in gene therapy for gliomas. Lancet 2001;358:727–29
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  76. ↵
    Jacobs AH, Winkeler A, Dittmar C, et al. Prospects of molecular imaging in neurology. J Cell Biochem Suppl 2002;39:98–109
    PubMed
  77. ↵
    Dempsey MF, Wyper D, Owens J, et al. Assessment of 123I-FIAU imaging of herpes simplex viral gene expression in the treatment of glioma. Nucl Med Commun 2006;27:611–17
    CrossRefPubMed
  78. ↵
    Venisnik KM, Olafsen T, Gambhir SS, et al. Fusion of Gaussia luciferase to an engineered anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) antibody for in vivo optical imaging. Mol Imaging Biol 2007;9:267–77
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  79. ↵
    Loening AM, Wu AM, Gambhir SS. Red-shifted Renilla reniformis luciferase variants for imaging in living subjects. Nat Methods 2007;4:641–43. Epub 2007 Jul 8
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  80. ↵
    Duvvuri S, Majumdar S, Mitra AK. Drug delivery to the retina: challenges and opportunities. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2003;3:45–56
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  81. ↵
    Majumdar S, Nashed YE, Patel K, et al. Dipeptide monoester ganciclovir prodrugs for treating HSV-1-induced corneal epithelial and stromal keratitis: in vitro and in vivo evaluations. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2005;21:463–74
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  82. ↵
    Magrassi L, Finocchiaro G, Milanesi G, et al. Lack of enantioselectivity of herpes virus thymidine kinase allows safer imaging of gene delivery. Gene Ther 2003;10:2052–58
    CrossRefPubMed
  83. ↵
    Doubrovin M, Ponomarev V, Serganova I, et al. Development of a new reporter gene system–dsRed/xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase-xanthine for molecular imaging of processes behind the intact blood-brain barrier. Mol Imaging 2003;2:93–112
    CrossRefPubMed
  84. ↵
    Ray P, De A, Min JJ, et al. Imaging tri-fusion multimodality reporter gene expression in living subjects. Cancer Res 2004;64:1323–30
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  85. ↵
    Massoud TF, Gambhir SS. Integrating noninvasive molecular imaging into molecular medicine: an evolving paradigm. Trends Mol Med 2007;13:183–91
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
PreviousNext
Back to top

In this issue

American Journal of Neuroradiology: 29 (3)
American Journal of Neuroradiology
Vol. 29, Issue 3
March 2008
  • Table of Contents
  • Index by author
Advertisement
Print
Download PDF
Email Article

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on American Journal of Neuroradiology.

NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
Noninvasive Molecular Neuroimaging Using Reporter Genes: Part II, Experimental, Current, and Future Applications
(Your Name) has sent you a message from American Journal of Neuroradiology
(Your Name) thought you would like to see the American Journal of Neuroradiology web site.
CAPTCHA
This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Cite this article
T.F. Massoud, A. Singh, S.S. Gambhir
Noninvasive Molecular Neuroimaging Using Reporter Genes: Part II, Experimental, Current, and Future Applications
American Journal of Neuroradiology Mar 2008, 29 (3) 409-418; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A0863

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
0 Responses
Respond to this article
Share
Bookmark this article
Noninvasive Molecular Neuroimaging Using Reporter Genes: Part II, Experimental, Current, and Future Applications
T.F. Massoud, A. Singh, S.S. Gambhir
American Journal of Neuroradiology Mar 2008, 29 (3) 409-418; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A0863
del.icio.us logo Twitter logo Facebook logo Mendeley logo
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like
  • Google Plus One
Purchase

Jump to section

  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Experimental Applications in Molecular Neuroimaging Using Reporter Genes
    • Imaging Gene-Marked Cells
    • Imaging of Gene Therapies
    • Imaging of Transgenic Models of Spontaneous Disease
    • Imaging of Molecular Interactions or Events
    • Clinical Applications in Molecular Neuroimaging Using Reporter Genes
    • Future Outlook
    • References
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
  • Responses
  • References
  • PDF

Related Articles

  • No related articles found.
  • PubMed
  • Google Scholar

Cited By...

  • Genetically targeted reporter imaging of deep neuronal network in the mammalian brain
  • Noninvasive Bioluminescence Imaging of {alpha}-Synuclein Oligomerization in Mouse Brain Using Split Firefly Luciferase Reporters
  • Crossref
  • Google Scholar

This article has not yet been cited by articles in journals that are participating in Crossref Cited-by Linking.

More in this TOC Section

  • An Atlas of Neonatal Neurovascular Imaging Anatomy as Depicted with Microvascular Imaging: The Intracranial Arteries
  • An Atlas of Neonatal Neurovascular Imaging Anatomy as Depicted with Microvascular Imaging: The Intracranial Veins
  • Clinical Translation of Hyperpolarized 13C Metabolic Probes for Glioma Imaging
Show more Review Articles

Similar Articles

Advertisement

Indexed Content

  • Current Issue
  • Accepted Manuscripts
  • Article Preview
  • Past Issues
  • Editorials
  • Editor's Choice
  • Fellows' Journal Club
  • Letters to the Editor
  • Video Articles

Cases

  • Case Collection
  • Archive - Case of the Week
  • Archive - Case of the Month
  • Archive - Classic Case

More from AJNR

  • Trainee Corner
  • Imaging Protocols
  • MRI Safety Corner
  • Book Reviews

Multimedia

  • AJNR Podcasts
  • AJNR Scantastics

Resources

  • Turnaround Time
  • Submit a Manuscript
  • Submit a Video Article
  • Submit an eLetter to the Editor/Response
  • Manuscript Submission Guidelines
  • Statistical Tips
  • Fast Publishing of Accepted Manuscripts
  • Graphical Abstract Preparation
  • Imaging Protocol Submission
  • Evidence-Based Medicine Level Guide
  • Publishing Checklists
  • Author Policies
  • Become a Reviewer/Academy of Reviewers
  • News and Updates

About Us

  • About AJNR
  • Editorial Board
  • Editorial Board Alumni
  • Alerts
  • Permissions
  • Not an AJNR Subscriber? Join Now
  • Advertise with Us
  • Librarian Resources
  • Feedback
  • Terms and Conditions
  • AJNR Editorial Board Alumni

American Society of Neuroradiology

  • Not an ASNR Member? Join Now

© 2025 by the American Society of Neuroradiology All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.
Print ISSN: 0195-6108 Online ISSN: 1936-959X

Powered by HighWire