Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
The small PLD chips used in this study are 12 mm in length and 1.5 mm in diameter. A small square in the background represents 1 mm2.
- Fig 2.
Dose-monitoring points for patients. The number in each circle represents the position number for the PLD placement.
- Fig 3.
Geometric distribution of operators’ average ESDs per procedure. ESDs on No. 3 (thyroid) and Nos. 6–10 are measured inside of the lead protector. The number in each circle represents the position number for PLD placement.
- Fig 4.
A, The relative response of PLD to x-rays with different effective energy compared with an ionization chamber. PLD chips are irradiated on the tissue-equivalent phantom8 with (open circle) and without (black circle) a filter for energy compensation. B, Calibration factor converting the PLD readout value to the ESD as a function of the effective energy. All the PLD chips are irradiated without a filter for energy compensation.
- Fig 5.
A, The relative (percentage) dose distribution to the maximum ESD for each patient. Each number represents a corresponding patient number listed in on-line Table. B, Geometric distribution of the average ESDs per procedure of 28 interventional radiology patients. The number in each circle represents the position number for PLD placement.
- Fig 6.
Correlations between the maximum ESD and angiographic parameters. Circle indicates a neurointerventional procedure without skin injury; x, patient No. 1 in on-line Table exhibited a depilation; triangle, patient No. 9 in on-line Table exhibited a depilation. A, Correlation between maximum ESD and total exposure time (r = 0.5283, P = .005, n = 27). B, Correlation between maximum ESD and dose-area product (r = 0.7917, P < .001, n = 21). C, Correlation between maximum ESD and total number of DSA studies (r = 0.5636, P = .002, n = 27). D, Correlation between maximum ESD and total number of DSA frames (r = 0.8583, P < .001, n = 23). Lines on the graphs indicate linear regressions.
- Fig 7.
A 49-year-old man presents with radiation-induced depilation and erythema after a neurointerventional procedure. A, Square depilation in the right temporal area. B, Distribution of ESDs of this patient. The number in each circle represents the position number for PLD placement.
Tables
- Table 1:
Average ESDs to the patients for 28 therapeutic interventional radiology procedures
Point No. Area Average (mGy; mean ± SD) Range (mGy) Median (mGy) 25–75 Percentiles (mGy) 5 in Fig 5B Right temporal 1124 ± 1349 65–5373 573 210–1440 1 in Fig 5B Frontal 33 ± 34 3–143 19 13–38 34 in Fig 5B Right eye 380 ± 593 7–2079 104 44–445 35 in Fig 5B Left eye 79 ± 173 5–913 32 18–60 - Table 2:
Average ESDs to the operators for 25 therapeutic interventional radiology procedures
Point No. Area Average (mGy; mean ± SD) Range (mGy) Median (mGy) 25–75 percentiles (mGy) 1 in Fig 3 Right eye 0.028 ± 0.032 0.006–0.133 0.018 0.012–0.027 2 in Fig 3 Left eye 0.254 ± 0.338 0.014–1.241 0.132 0.076–0.230 3 in Fig 3 Thyroid (underneath protector) 0.035 ± 0.056 0.002–0.198 0.012 0.005–0.025 17 in Fig 3 Thyroid (outside protector) 0.072 ± 0.071 0.008–0.210 0.050 0.015–0.094 9 in Fig 3 Posterior neck (underneath protector) 0.029 ± 0.042 0.001–0.182 0.015 0.005–0.026 4 in Fig 3 Right upper arm 0.032 ± 0.046 0.005–0.188 0.015 0.010–0.026 5 in Fig 3 Left upper arm 0.390 ± 0.732 0.013–3.296 0.168 0.042–0.271 11 in Fig 3 Back of right hand 0.050 ± 0.070 0.004–0.242 0.018 0.014–0.037 12 in Fig 3 Back of left hand 0.240 ± 0.498 0.009–2.506 0.101 0.050–0.210 13 in Fig 3 Right finger 0.110 ± 0.156 0.004–0.516 0.037 0.020–0.082 14 in Fig 3 Left finger 0.208 ± 0.341 0.006–1.333 0.068 0.028–0.171 6 in Fig 3 Chest (underneath protector) 0.009 ± 0.021 0.000–0.105 0.002 0.001–0.005 15 in Fig 3 Chest (outside protector) 0.152 ± 0.260 0.008–1.099 0.066 0.026–0.109 10 in Fig 3 Back (underneath protector) 0.016 ± 0.030 0.000–0.136 0.008 0.002–0.013 7 in Fig 3 Abdomen (underneath protector) 0.008 ± 0.017 0.000–0.069 0.002 0.001–0.005 16 in Fig 3 Abdomen (outside protector) 0.165 ± 0.303 0.003–1.334 0.058 0.027–0.129 8 in Fig 3 Femur (underneath protector) 0.013 ± 0.024 0.000–0.090 0.004 0.001–0.010
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