Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig 1.
Dot-plot distribution of individual patients as a function of average rate of WBNAA decline per year of CD disease duration (R1), as defined by Equations (1) and (5a). The vertical dotted lines at R1 = 0 and 1.7 mmol/L/y partition the cohort into stable (○), moderate (□), and rapid (▿) according to criteria defined in the text.23
- Fig 2.
Same as Fig 1, except that the average individual rates of WBNAA decline per year, R2, were estimated for disease duration from FS, ΔY2, as defined by Equations (2) and (5b). The vertical dotted lines at R1 = 0 and 1.7 mmol/L/y partition the cohort into stable (○), moderate (□), and rapid (▿) decline rates according to criteria defined in the text.23
- Fig 3.
Individual WBNAA levels as a function of ΔY1 (from clinical diagnosis) of Equation (1) (labeled according to Fig 1). Solid lines are the regressions calculated for each subgroup. The dashed lines are the ±95% confidence intervals calculated for the subgroups of the previous cohort.23 Note how well the current regressions fit into the previous cohort’s confidence intervals.23
- Fig 4.
Individual WBNAA levels as a function of ΔY2 (from fist symptom) of Equation (2) (labeled according to Fig 2). Solid lines are regressions for each subgroup. The dashed lines are the ±95% confidence intervals calculated for the subgroups of the previous cohort.23 Note how well the regression lines for the current patients fit into the previous cohort’s confidence intervals.23
Tables
Patient No./Age (y)/Sex EDSS ΔY1 ΔY2 WBNAA Concentration (mM) Group* Medications 1/27.6/F 2.5 0.53 2.78 7.14 R Avonex 2/28.1/F 1 0.26 1.68 14.52 S Copaxone 3/29.8/F 0 3.32 3.83 12.87 M Avonex 4/31.3/F 1.5 8.19 8.94 9.96 M Avonex 5/33.1/M 1 2.7 3.2 12.69 M Avonex 6/34.5/F 1.5 6.47 6.47 13.87 S Avonex 7/34.7/F 2 0.15 3.62 9.65 R/M† Copaxone 8/37.2/F 3 2.55 2.72 7.85 R Avonex 9/37.9/F 3 0.32 0.32 9.37 R N/A 10/38.4/M 1.5 0.95 18.29 13.55 S Avonex 11/41.5/F 2 0.65 1.07 10.91 R Avonex 12/42.8/F 1 1.16 1.24 13.9 S Avonex 13/44.3/F 2 7.37 7.53 10.28 M N/A 14/45.1/M 0 3.05 11.06 10.98 M N/A 15/45.7/M 2.5 2.24 2.24 10.82 M Avonex 16/54.9/F 6 2.3 4.55 16.01 S Bestaseron Average 2.1 2.64 4.97 11.39 ± 2.5 Note:—EDSS indicates Expanded Disability Status Scale; Δ Y1, disease duration since clinically definite diagnosis (years); Δ Y2, disease duration from first clinical event (years); WBNAA, whole-brain N-acetylaspartate. The average age of patients studied was 37.9 ± 7.7.
* Subgroup notations are S, stable; M, moderate; R, rapid.
† Assignment changed from rapid (based on Δ Y1) to moderate when estimated from Δ Y2 disease duration.
Present Previous CD decline ratea Stable −0.031 0.02 Moderate −0.32 −0.34 Rapid −1.71 −3.39 CD group size Stable 5 (31%) 10 (20%) Moderate 7 (44%) 27 (55%) Rapid 4 (25%) 12 (25%) EDSSb Stable 2.0 (1.0–6.0) 2.0 (1.5–3.5) Moderate 1.0 (0.0–2.5) 2.0 (0.0–6.0) Rapid 2.5 (2.0–3.0) 2.0 (0.0–3.5) FS decline ratea Stable −0.057 0.02 Moderate −0.20 −0.13 Rapid −1.38 −2.24 FS group size Stable 5 (31%) 10 (20%) Moderate 6 (38%) 32 (65%) Rapid 5 (32%) 7 (14%) EDSSb Stable 2.0 (1.0–6.0) 2.0 (1.5–3.5) Moderate 1.5 (0.0–2.5) 2.0 (0.0–6.0) Rapid 2.5 (2.0–3.0) 2.0 (0.0–3.5) Note:—Group rates of WBNAA decline
a mM/year;
b EDSS score (range). Abbreviations: CD–clinical diagnosis, EDSS–Expanded Disability Status Score, FS–first symptom.
