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AJNR Awards, New Junior Editors, and more. Read the latest AJNR updates

Research ArticleHead and Neck Imaging

3-T Imaging of the Cochlear Nerve and Labyrinth in Cochlear-Implant Candidates: 3D Fast Recovery Fast Spin-Echo versus 3D Constructive Interference in the Steady State Techniques

John I. Lane, Heidi Ward, Robert J. Witte, Matt A. Bernstein and Colin L. W. Driscoll
American Journal of Neuroradiology April 2004, 25 (4) 618-622;
John I. Lane
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Heidi Ward
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Robert J. Witte
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Matt A. Bernstein
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Colin L. W. Driscoll
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  • Fig 1.
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    Fig 1.

    Comparison of the IAC on oblique sagittal images.

    A, Two-phase–cycled, 3D CISS reconstructed image oriented perpendicular to the long axis of the cochlear nerve demonstrates excellent signal intensity in the IAC good definition of all four nerves.

    B, 3D FRFSE image demonstrates less intense CSF signal with greater background noise. Nerve definition is satisfactory.

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    Fig 2.

    Comparison of a small IAC on oblique sagittal images.

    A, 3D CISS image demonstrates satisfactory nerve definition within the IAC despite the small caliber of the bony canal. Note CSF surrounding the cochlear nerve (arrow).

    B, 3D FRFSE image shows relatively low CSF signal intensity and high background noise. Note the loss of CSF signal intensity around the cochlear nerve (arrow).

  • Fig 3.
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    Fig 3.

    Comparison of the spiral lamina and the modiolus of the cochlea on oblique sagittal images..

    A and B, 3D CISS (A) and 3D FRFSE (B) images demonstrate a linear focus of decreased signal intensity that represents the spiral lamina (arrow).

    C and D, 3D CISS (C) and 3D FRFSE (D) images demonstrate the modiolus (arrow).

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    Fig 4.

    Comparison of the semicircular canal and its apex (arrow) on oblique sagittal images.

    A, 3D CISS reformatted in the plane of the superior semicircular canal (SSC) demonstrates excellent definition of fluid in the apex.

    B, Volume-rendered maximum intensity projection (MIP) of A shows intact fluid rings in all semicircular canals.

    C, 3D FRFSE image also reformatted in the plane of the SCC demonstrates signal intensity loss at the apex.

    D, Volume-rendered MIP of D also depicts this finding.

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    Fig 5.

    Comparison of the FNC (arrow) on oblique sagittal images.

    A, 3D CISS image adequately displays the normal course of the FNC.

    B, Corresponding 3D FRFSE image shows considerably less signal intensity.

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    Fig 6.

    Comparison of the endolymphatic duct on oblique sagittal images.

    A, 3D CISS demonstrates modest signal intensity in the normal small endolymphatic duct in the vestibular aqueduct, which is seen just medial to the common crus of the superior and posterior SSCs (arrow).

    B, The duct (arrow) is barely identifiable on the corresponding 3D-FRFSE image. The window and level may need to be adjusted to visualize this normally small duct, which is often not visualized with either technique.

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    Fig 7.

    3D CISS banding artifact.

    A, Oblique sagittal source image from two-phase–cycled 3D CISS demonstrates marked banding artifact through the SSC and vestibule (arrow).

    B, Postprocessed MIP image at the same level demonstrates subtle irregularity of the contour of the SCC, which represents incomplete averaging of the banding artifact (arrow).

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    Fig 8.

    Motion artifact between phase cycles on 3D CISS images. Postprocessed MIP image fails to remove banding artifact secondary to patient motion during data acquisition (arrow).

Tables

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    TABLE 1:

    Contrast-to-Noise Ratios

    TechniqueFacial NerveIAC CSFBackgroundCNR
    3D CISS96 (51.3–130.7)475.0 (313.1–843.8)47.2 (37.1–60.0)7.9 (0.70–11.9)
    3D FRFSE117.8 (65.6–315.7)269.0 (126.9–603.0)44.6 (31.3–73.3)3.3 (2.0–5.4)
    • Note.—Data are the mean (range). The ratio of CNRs for 3D CISS to 3D FRFSE was 2.5 (2.2–3.5).

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    TABLE 2:

    Subjective evaluation of the structures in the IAC and membranous labyrinth

    Anatomic StructureNo. of Patients
    3D CISS3D FRFSE
    IAC
     Facial nerve8/88/8
     Cochlear nerve8/88/8
     Superior vestibular nerve8/88/8
     Inferior vestibular nerve8/88/8
    Cochlea
     2.5 turns8/88/8
     Modiolus8/88/8
     Spiral lamina8/88/8
    Semicircular canals
     Superior8/84/8
     Posterior8/87/8
     Horizontal8/87/8
    Endolymphatic duct3/82/8
    Facial nerve canal6/84/8
    • Note.—Structures were defined as adequately visualized or absent. Note loss of fluid signal intensity in the SCC on one-half of the FRFSE images. Visualized endolymphatic ducts were all normal in caliber.

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American Journal of Neuroradiology: 25 (4)
American Journal of Neuroradiology
Vol. 25, Issue 4
1 Apr 2004
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Cite this article
John I. Lane, Heidi Ward, Robert J. Witte, Matt A. Bernstein, Colin L. W. Driscoll
3-T Imaging of the Cochlear Nerve and Labyrinth in Cochlear-Implant Candidates: 3D Fast Recovery Fast Spin-Echo versus 3D Constructive Interference in the Steady State Techniques
American Journal of Neuroradiology Apr 2004, 25 (4) 618-622;

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3-T Imaging of the Cochlear Nerve and Labyrinth in Cochlear-Implant Candidates: 3D Fast Recovery Fast Spin-Echo versus 3D Constructive Interference in the Steady State Techniques
John I. Lane, Heidi Ward, Robert J. Witte, Matt A. Bernstein, Colin L. W. Driscoll
American Journal of Neuroradiology Apr 2004, 25 (4) 618-622;
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