Advertisement

AJNR Awards, New Junior Editors, and more. Read the latest AJNR updates

Review ArticleNeurointervention

Training, Competency, and Credentialing Standards for Diagnostic Cervicocerebral Angiography, Carotid Stenting, and Cerebrovascular Intervention

A Joint Statement from the American Academy of Neurology, the American Association of Neurological Surgeons, the American Society of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology, the American Society of Neuroradiology, the Congress of Neurological Surgeons, the AANS/CNS Cerebrovascular Section, and the Society of Interventional Radiology

John J. Connors, David Sacks, Anthony J. Furlan, Warren R. Selman, Eric J. Russell, Philip E. Stieg and Mark N. Hadley for the NeuroVascular Coalition Writing Group
American Journal of Neuroradiology November 2004, 25 (10) 1732-1741;

References

  1. ↵
    Science Advisory Committee. Cerebral angiography: A report for health professionals by the Executive Committee of the Stroke Council, American Heart Association. Circulation 1989;79:474 .
    FREE Full Text
  2. ↵
    Wein TH, Hickenbottom SL, Alexandrov AV. Thrombolysis, stroke units and other strategies for reducing acute stroke costs. Pharmacoeconomics 1998;14:603–611.
    CrossRefPubMed
  3. ↵
    Berteloot D, Leclerc X, Leys D, et al. Cerebral angiography: A study of complications in 450 consecutive patients. Journal de Radiologie 1999;80:843–848.
    PubMedWeb of Science
  4. Hankey GJ, Warlow CP, Molyneux. Complications of cerebral angiography for patients with mild carotid territory ischaemia being considered for carotid endarterectomy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1990;53:542–548.
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  5. ↵
    Heiserman JE, Dean BL, Hodak JA, et al. Neurologic complications of cerebral angiography. AJNR 1994;15:1401–1407.
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  6. ↵
    Davies KN, Humphrey PR. Complications of cerebral angiography in patients with symptomatic carotid territory ischemia screened by carotid ultrasound. J Neurol Neurosurg Psych 1993;56:9647–9672.
  7. ↵
    Mani RL, Eisenberg RL. Complications of catheter cerebral arteriography: Analysis of 5000 procedures. II. Relation of complication rates to clinical and arteriographic diagnoses. AJR 1978;131:867–869.
    PubMed
  8. ↵
    McIvor J, Steiner TJ, Perkins GD, et al. Neurological morbidity of arch angiography in cerebrovascular disease. The influence of contrast medium and the radiologist. Br J Radiol 1987;60:117–122.
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  9. Earnest RL, Forbes G, Sandok BA, et al. Complications of cerebral angiography: Prospective assessment of risk. AJR 1984;142:247–253.
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  10. ↵
    Dion JE, Gates PC, Fox AJ, et al. Clinical events following neuroangiography: A prospective study. Stroke 1987;18:997–1004.
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  11. Moran CJ, Milburn JM, Cross DT, et al. Randomized controlled trial of sheaths in diagnostic neuroangiography. Radiology 2001;218:183–187.
    PubMedWeb of Science
  12. ↵
    Grzyska U, Freitag J, Zeumer H. Selective cerebral intraarterial DSA. Complication rate and control of risk factors. Neuroradiology 1990;32:296–299.
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  13. Horowitz MB, Duton K, Purdy PD. Assessment of complication types and rates related to diagnostic angiography and interventional neuroradiologic procedures. Interventional Neuroradiology 1998;4:27–37.
  14. Vitek JJ. Femorocerebral angiography: Analysis of 2000 consecutive examinations, special emphasis on carotid arteries in older patients. AJR 1973;118:633–646.
    Web of Science
  15. ↵
    Willinsky RA, Taylor SM, terBrugge K, et al. Neurologic complications of cerebral angiography: Prospective analysis of 2,899 procedures and review of the literature. Neuroradiology 2003 :227:522–528.
  16. Kerber CW, Cromwell LD, Drayer BP et al. Cerebral ischemia. I. Current angiographic techniques, complications, and safety. AJR 1978;130:1097–1103.
    PubMedWeb of Science
  17. ↵
    Executive Committee for the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study. Endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. JAMA 1995;273:1421–1428.
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  18. ↵
    Mani RL, Eisenberg RL, McDonald EJ Jr., et al. Complications of catheter cerebral angiography: Analysis of 5000 procedures. I. Criteria and incidence. AJR 1978;131:861–865.
    PubMedWeb of Science
  19. ↵
    Mani RL, Eisenberg RL. Complication of catheter cerebral arteriography. Analysis of 5000 procedures. III. Assessment of arteries injected, contrast medium used, duration of procedure and age of patient. AJR 1978;131:871–865.
    PubMedWeb of Science
  20. ↵
    Johnston DC, Chapman KM, Goldstein LB. Low rate of complications of cerebral angiography in routine clinical practice. Neurology 2001;57:2012–2014.
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  21. ↵
    Dagirmanjian A, Davis DA, Rothfus WE, et al. Detection of clinically silent intracranial emboli ipsilateral to internal carotid artery occlusions during cerebral angiography. AJR 2000;174:367–369.
    PubMed
  22. ↵
    Kuntz KM, Skillman JJ, Whittemore AD, Kent KC. Carotid endarterectomy in asymptomatic patients -Is contrast angiography necessary? A morbidity analysis. J Vasc Surg 1995;22:706–716.
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  23. ↵
    Bendszus M, Koltzenberg M, Burger R, et al. Silent embolism in diagnostic cerebral angiography and neurointerventional procedures: A prospective study. Lancet 1999;354:1594–1597.
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  24. ↵
    Britt PM, Heiserman JE, Snider RM, et al. Incidence of postangiographic abnormalities revealed by diffusion-weighted MR imaging. AJNR 2000;21:55–59.
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  25. ↵
    Crawley F, Stygall J, Lunn S, Harrison M, et al. Comparison of microembolism detected by transcranial Doppler and neuropsychological sequelae of carotid surgery and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Stroke 2000;31:1329–1334.
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  26. ↵
    Abbas SA, Glazier JJ, Wu AH et al. Factors associated with the release of cardiac troponin T following percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Clin Cardiol 1996;19:782–786.
    PubMedWeb of Science
  27. ↵
    Johansen O, Brekke M, Stromme JH et al. Myocardial damage during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty as evidenced by troponin T measurements. Eur Heart J 1998;19:112–117.
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  28. ↵
    Leape LL, Park RE, Bashore TM, et al. Effect of variability in the interpretation of coronary angiograms on the appropriateness of use of coronary revascularization procedures. Am Heart J 2000;139:106–113.
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  29. ↵
    Beller GA, Bonow RO, Fuster V. Core Cardiology Training Symposium (COCATS). ACC revised recommendations for training in adult cardiovascular medicine. Core Cardiology Training II (COCATS 2) (Revision of the 1995 COCATS training statement). J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;39:1242–1246.
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  30. ↵
    Jamal SM, Shrive FM, Ghali WA, et al. In-hospital outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention in Canada: 1992/93 to 2000/01. Can J Cardiol 2003;19:782–789.
    PubMedWeb of Science
  31. ↵
    Anderson HV, Shaw RE, Brindis RG, et al. A contemporary overview of percutaneous coronary interventions. The American College of Cardiology-National Cardiovascular Data Registry (ACC-NCDR). J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;39:1096–1103.
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  32. ↵
    Roubin GS, Yadav S, Iyer SS, Vitek J. Carotid stent-supported angioplasty: A neurovascular intervention to prevent stroke. Am J Cardiol 1996;78:8–12.
    PubMedWeb of Science
  33. Diethrich EB, Ndiaye M, Reid DB, et al. Stenting in the carotid artery: Initial experience in 110 patients. J Endovasc Surg 1996;3:42–62.
    PubMed
  34. ↵
    Wholey MH, Wholey M, Bergeron P, et al. Current global status of carotid artery stent placement. Cathet and Cardiov Diag 1998;44:1–6.
    CrossRef
  35. Jordan WD Jr, Voellinger DC, Fisher WS, Redden D, McDowell HA. A comparison of carotid angioplasty with stenting versus endarterectomy with regional anesthesia. J Vasc Surg 1998;28:397–403.
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  36. ↵
    Yadav JS, Wholey MH, Kuntz RE, et al. Protected Carotid-Artery Stenting versus Endarterectomy in High-Risk Patients. N Engl J Med 2004;351:1493–1501.
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  37. ↵
    Wholey M. ARCHER Trial: One-Month Results. Presented at the Society of Interventional Radiology 29th Annual Scientific Meeting, Phoenix, March 25–30,2004 .
  38. Alberts MJ for the Publications Committee of the Wallstent Trial. Results of a multicenter prospective randomized trial of carotid artery stenting vs carotid endarterectomy. Stroke 2001;32:325 [abstract].
  39. Endovascular versus surgical treatment in patients with carotid stenosis in the Carotid and Vertebral Artery Transluminal Angioplasty Study (CAVATAS): A randomised trial. Lancet 2001;357:1729–1737.
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  40. ↵
    Wholey MH, Wholey M, Mathias K, et al. Global experience in cervical carotid artery stent placement. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2000;50:160–167.
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  41. ↵
    Yadav J. SAPPHIRE Trial: One Year Results. Presented at the Trans Catheter Therapeutics Meeting, Washington DC, September 15–19,2003 .
  42. ↵
    Jaeger HJ, Mathias KD, Hauth E, et al. Cerebral ischemia detected with diffusion-weighted MR imaging after stent implantation in the carotid artery. AJNR 2002;23:200–207.
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  43. ↵
    Jaeger HJ, Mathias KD, Drescher R, et al. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging after angioplasty or angioplasty plus stenting of arteries supplying the brain. AJNR 2001;22:1251–1259.
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  44. ↵
    Vitek JJ, Roubin GS, Al-Mubarek N, et al. Carotid artery stenting: Technical considerations. AJNR 2000;21:1736–1743.
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  45. ↵
    Mathias K. Results of European Trials. Presented at the Society of Interventional Radiology 29th Annual Scientific Meeting, Phoenix, March 25–30,2004 .
  46. Macdonald S, Cleveland TJ, Gaines P, et al. Neuropsychometric outcomes of unprotected and protected carotid stenting (EmboShield 228): A randomized trial. J Vasc Intervent Radiol 2004;15(2,Part 2):S184–S185 [abstract].
  47. ↵
    Macdonald S, Cleveland TJ, Gaines PA, et al. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) to compare protected and unprotected carotid stenting: A randomized trial. J Vasc Intervent Radiol 2004;15(2,Part 2):S185 [abstract].
  48. ↵
    EVA-3S Investigators. Carotid angioplasty and stenting with and without cerebral protection. Stroke 2004;35:e18–e20.
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  49. ↵
    Kastrup A, Groschel K, Krapf H, et al. Early outcome of carotid angioplasty and stenting with or without protection devices: A systematic review of the literature. Stroke 2003;34:813–819.
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  50. ↵
    Lee JH, Kwon SU, Lee JH, et al. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for symptomatic middle cerebral artery stenosis: Long-term follow-up. Cerebrovasc Dis 2003;15:90–107.
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  51. Gress DR, Smith WS, Dowd CF, et al. Angioplasty for intracranial symptomatic vertebrobasilar ischemia. Neurosurgery 2002;51:23–27; discussion 27–29.
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  52. Lylyk P, Cohen JE, Ceratto R, et al. Angioplasty and stent placement in intracranial atherosclerotic stenoses and dissections. AJNR 2002;23:430–436.
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  53. Levy EI, Horowitz MB, Koebbe CJ, et al. Transluminal stent-assisted angioplasty of the intracranial vertebrobasilar system for medically refractory, posterior circulation ischemia: early results. Neurosurgery 2001;48:1215–1221; discussion 1221–1223.
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  54. Alazzaz A, Thornton J, Aletich VA, et al. Intracranial percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for arteriosclerotic stenosis. Arch Neurol 2000;57:1625–1630.
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  55. Nahser HC, Henkes H, Weber W, et al. Intracranial vertebrobasilar stenosis: Angioplasty and follow-up. AJNR 2000;21:1293–1301.
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  56. Rasmussen PA, Perl J 2nd, Barr JD, et al. Stent-assisted angioplasty of intracranial vertebrobasilar atherosclerosis: An initial experience. J Neurosurg 2000;92:771–778.
    PubMedWeb of Science
  57. Connors JJ 3rd, Wojak JC. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for intracranial atherosclerotic lesions: Evolution of technique and short-term results. J Neurosurg 1999;91:415–423.
    PubMedWeb of Science
  58. Marks MP, Marcellus M, Norbash AM, et al. Outcome of angioplasty for atherosclerotic intracranial stenosis. Stroke 1999;30:1065–1069.
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  59. ↵
    Callahan AS 3rd, Berger BL. Balloon angioplasty of intracranial arteries for stroke prevention. J Neuroimaging 1997;7:232–235.
    PubMedWeb of Science
  60. ↵
    Singh V, Gress DR, Higashida RT, et al. The learning curve for coil embolization of unruptured intracranial aneurysms. AJNR 2002;23:768–771.
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  61. Murayama Y, Nien YL, Duckwiler G, et al. Guglielmi detachable coil embolization of cerebral aneurysms: 11 years’ experience. J Neurosurg 2003;98:959–966.
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  62. Lozier AP, Connolly ES Jr, Lavine SD, Solomon RA. Guglielmi detachable coil embolization of posterior circulation aneurysms: A systematic review of the literature. Stroke 2002;33:2509–2518.
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  63. Malek AM, Halbach VV, Phatouros CC, et al. Balloon-assist technique for endovascular coil embolization of geometrically difficult intracranial aneurysms. Neurosurgery 2000;46:1397–1406; discussion 1406–1407.
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  64. ↵
    Vinuela F, Duckwiler G, Mawad M. Guglielmi detachable coil embolization of acute intracranial aneurysm: Perioperative anatomical and clinical outcome in 403 patients. J Neurosurg 1997;86:475–482.
    PubMedWeb of Science
  65. ↵
    Soeda A, Sakai N, Sakai H, et al. Thromboembolic events associated with Guglielmi detachable coil embolization of asymptomatic cerebral aneurysms: Evaluation of 66 consecutive cases with use of diffusion-weighted MR imaging. AJNR 2003;24:127–132.
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  66. ↵
    Armbruster JS. Accreditation of residency training in the US. Postgrad Med J 1996;72:391–394.
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  67. Redman HC. The route to subspecialty accreditation. Radiology 1989;172:893–894.
    CrossRefPubMed
  68. ↵
    Langsley DG. What is the American Board of Medical Specialties? Pathologist 1985;39:30–32.
    PubMed
  69. ↵
    Fader T, Gunzburger LK, Hartmann J, et al. Implementing meaningful CME as an essential component in a community hospital quality assurance plan. J Contin Educ Health Prof 1988;8:231–237.
    PubMed
  70. Cleves MA, Weiner JP, Cohen W, et al. Assessing HCFA’s Health Care Quality Improvement Program. Jt Comm J Qual Improv 1997;23:550–560.
    PubMed
  71. ↵
    Kremer BK. Physician recertification and outcomes assessment. Eval Health Prof 1991;14:187–200.
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  72. ↵
    Pelletier LR, Tackett S. The Performance Measurement Coordinating Council: A town meeting. J Healthc Qual 2000;22:24–31.
    PubMed
  73. Hernandez AM. Trends in healthcare practitioner credentialing. J Health Care Finance 1998;24:66–70.
    PubMed
  74. ↵
    Skolnick AA. JCAHO, NCQA, and AMAP establish council to coordinate health care performance measurement. JAMA 1998;279:1769–1770.
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  75. ↵
    Alberts MJ, Hademenos G, Latchaw RE, et al. Recommendations for the establishment of Primary Stroke Centers. JAMA 2000;283:3102–3109.
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  76. ↵
    Standards of Practice Committee of the Society of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology. Angioplasty standard of practice. J Vasc Intervent Radiol 1992;3:269–271.
    PubMed
  77. ↵
    Cooperative Study between the ASNR, ASITN, and SCVIR. Quality improvement guidelines for adult diagnostic neuroangiography. AJNR 2000;21:146–150.
    FREE Full Text
  78. ↵
    Levin DC, Becker GJ, Dorros, et al. Training standards for physicians performing peripheral angioplasty and other percutaneous peripheral vascular interventions. A statement for Health Professionals from the Special Group of Councils on Cardiovascular Radiology, Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, and Clinical Cardiology, the American Heart Association. Circulation 1992;86:1348–1350.
    FREE Full Text
  79. ↵
    Spittell JA, Nanda NC, Creager MA, et al. Recommendations for peripheral transluminal angioplasty: Training and facilities. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993;21:546–548.
    PubMedWeb of Science
  80. ↵
    White RA. Endovascular credentialing. Endovascular Surgery Credentialing and Training Subcommittee. J Vasc Intervent Radiol 1995;6:287–289.
    PubMed
  81. ↵
    Standards of Practice Committee of the Society of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology. Standard for diagnostic arteriography in adults. J Vasc Intervent Radiol 1993;4:385–395.
    PubMed
  82. ↵
    Standard for the performance of diagnostic cervicocerebral angiography in adults. Res. 5 -1999. American College of Radiology Standards 2000–2001. Reston VA: American College of Radiology,2000 , pp.415–426.
  83. ↵
    Pepine CJ, Allen HD, Bashore TM, et al. Guidelines for cardiac catheterization and cardiac catheterization laboratories. J Am Coll Cardiol 1991;18:1149–1182.
    PubMedWeb of Science
  84. ↵
    Training Program Standards Committee. Standards for training in cardiac catheterization and angiography. Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn 1980;6:345–348.
    CrossRef
  85. Friesinger GC, Adams DF, Bourassa MG, et al. Optimal resources for examination of the heart and lungs: Cardiac catheterization and radiographic facilities. Circulation 1983;68:893–930A.
  86. ↵
    Conti CR, Faxon DP, Gruentzig AR, et al. 17th Bethesda Conference: adult cardiology training. Task Force III: training in cardiac catheterization. J Am Coll Cardiol 1986;7:1205–1206.
    PubMedWeb of Science
  87. ↵
    Hodgson JM, Tommaso CL, Watson RM, et al. Core curriculum for the training of adult invasive cardiologists: Report of the Society for Cardiac Angiography and Interventions Committee on Training Standards. Cath Cardiovasc Diagn 1996;37:392–408.
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  88. ↵
    Hirshfeld JW Jr., Ellis SG, Faxon DP, et al. Recommendations for the assessment and maintenance of proficiency in coronary interventional procedures. Statement of the American College of Cardiology. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998;31:722–743.
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  89. Ryan TJ, Bauman WB, Kennedy JW, et al. Guidelines for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993;22:2033–2054.
    PubMedWeb of Science
  90. Weaver WF, Myler RK, Sheldon WC, et al. Guidelines for physician performance of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn 1985;11:109–112.
    CrossRef
  91. William DO, Gruentzig A, Kent KM, et al. Guidelines for the performance of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Circulation 1982;66:693–694.
    FREE Full Text
  92. ↵
    Ryan TJ, Faxon DP, Gunnar RM, et al. Guidelines for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. J Am Coll Cardiol 1988;12:529–545.
    PubMedWeb of Science
  93. Cowley MJ, King SB III, Baim D, et al. Guidelines for credentialing and facilities for performance of coronary angioplasty. Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn 1988;15:136–138.
    CrossRef
  94. ↵
    Ryan TJ, Klocke FJ, Reynolds WA. Clinical competence in percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Circulation 1990;81:2041–2046.
    FREE Full Text
  95. ↵
    Gomez CR, Kinkel P, Masdeu JC, et al. American Academy of Neurology guidelines for credentialing in neuroimaging. Report from the task force on updating guidelines for credentialing in neuroimaging. Neurology 1997;49:1734–1737.
    FREE Full Text
  96. ↵
    Bakshi R, Alexandrov AV, Gomez CR, Masdeu JC. Neuroimaging curriculum for neurology trainees: Report from the Neuroimaging Section of the AAN. J Neuroimaging 2003;13:215–217.
    CrossRefPubMed
  97. ↵
    Higashida RT, Hopkins LN, Berenstein A, et al. Program requirements for residency/fellowship education in neuroendovascular surgery/interventional Neuroradiology: A Special Report on Graduate Medical Education. AJNR 2000;21:1153–1159.
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  98. ↵
    White RA, Hodgson KJ, Ahn SS, et al. Endovascular interventions training and credentialing for vascular surgeons. J Vasc Surg 1999;29:177–186.
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  99. ↵
    American Board of Internal Medicine Committee on Interventional Cardiology. Certificate of Added Qualifications in Interventional Cardiology [ABIM Web site]. Available at: www.abim.org/subspec/ic.htm. Accessed October 8,2004 .
  100. ↵
    American Board of Radiology. Certificate in Diagnostic Radiology [American Board of Radiology Web site].2004 . Available at: www.theabr.org/DRAppandFeesinFrame.htm. Accessed October 8, 2004.
  101. ↵
    ACGME. Program Requirements for Residency Education in Neuroradiology [ACGME Web site]. Available at: www.acgme.org/downloads/RRCprogReq/423pr602.pdf. Accessed October 8,2004 .
  102. ↵
    ACGME. Program Requirements for Residency Education in Vascular Neurology [ACGME Web site]. Available at: www.acgme.org/downloads/RRCprogReq/188pr202.pdf. Accessed October 8,2004 .
  103. ↵
    ACGME. Program Requirements for Residency Education in Endovascular Surgical Neuroradiology [ACGME Web site]. Available at: www.acgme.org/downloads/RRCprogReq/422pr403.pdf. Accessed October 8,2004 .
  104. ↵
    ACGME. Program Requirements for Graduate Medical Education in Diagnostic Radiology [ACGME Web site]. Available at: www.acgme.org/downloads/RRCprogReq/420pr703u804.pdf. Accessed October 8,2004 .
  105. ↵
    Murray WB, Good ML, Gravenstein JS, et al. Learning about new anesthetics using a model driven, full human simulator. J Clin Monit Comput 2002;17:293–300.
    CrossRefPubMed
  106. Schwid HA, Rooke GA, Carline J, et al. Evaluation of anesthesia residents using mannequin-based simulation: A multiinstitutional study. Anesthesiology 2002;97:1434–1444.
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  107. Watterson JD, Beiko DT, Kuan JK, Denstedt JD. Randomized prospective blinded study validating acquistion of ureteroscopy skills using computer based virtual reality endourological simulator. J Urol 2002;168:1928–1932.
    CrossRefPubMed
  108. Rowe R, Cohen RA. An evaluation of a virtual reality airway simulator. Anesth Analg 2002;95:62–66.
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  109. Forrest FC, Taylor MA, Postlethwaite K, Aspinall R. Use of a high-fidelity simulator to develop testing of the technical performance of novice anaesthetists. Br J Anaesth 2002;88:338–344.
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  110. Byrne AJ, Greaves JD. Assessment instruments used during anaesthetic simulation: review of published studies. Br J Anaesth 2001;86:445–450.
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
  111. Issenberg SB, McGaghie WC, Hart IR, et al. Simulation technology for health care professional skills training and assessment. JAMA 1999;282:861–866.
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  112. ↵
    Riley RH, Wilks DH, Freeman JA. Anaesthetists’ attitudes towards an anaesthesia simulator. A comparative survey: U.S.A. and Australia. Anaesth Intensive Care 1997;25:514–519.
    PubMedWeb of Science
  113. ↵
    Barr JD, Connors JJ, Sacks D, et al. Quality Improvement Guidelines for the Performance of Cervical Carotid Angioplasty and Stent Placement. J Vasc Interv Rad 2003;14:1079–1093.
    PubMedWeb of Science
  114. ↵
    McGrath PD, Wennberg DE, Dickens JD Jr, et al. Relation between operator and hospital volume and outcomes following percutaneous coronary interventions in the era of the coronary stent. JAMA 2000;284:3139–3144.
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  115. Wennberg DE, Lucas FL, Birkmeyer JD, Bredenberg CE, Fisher ES. Variation in carotid endarterectomy mortality in the Medicare population: Trial hospitals, volume, and patient characteristics. JAMA 1998;279:1278–1281.
    CrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
  116. ↵
    Hannan EL, Wu C, Ryan TJ, et al. Do hospitals and surgeons with higher coronary artery bypass graft surgery volumes still have lower risk-adjusted mortality rates? Circulation 2003;108:795–801.
    Abstract/FREE Full Text
Back to top

In this issue

Advertisement
Print
Download PDF
Email Article
Cite this article
0 Responses
Respond to this article
Bookmark this article
Training, Competency, and Credentialing Standards for Diagnostic Cervicocerebral Angiography, Carotid Stenting, and Cerebrovascular Intervention
John J. Connors, David Sacks, Anthony J. Furlan, Warren R. Selman, Eric J. Russell, Philip E. Stieg, Mark N. Hadley
American Journal of Neuroradiology Nov 2004, 25 (10) 1732-1741;
del.icio.us logo Twitter logo Facebook logo Mendeley logo

Jump to section

Advertisement