- Incidence of Inadvertent Intravascular Injection during CT Fluoroscopy–Guided Epidural Steroid Injections
Retrospective analysis of 575 CT fluoroscopy-guided epidural injections was done to detect inadvertent arterial or venous injections. Intravascular injections occurred in 26% of cervical transforaminal injections, 9% of cervical interlaminar injections, 8% of lumbar transforaminal injections, and 2% of lumbar interlaminar injections. These findings are similar to previous reports using conventional fluoroscopy and demonstrate that intravascular injections may be detected with CT fluoroscopy.
- Systematic Literature Review of Imaging Features of Spinal Degeneration in Asymptomatic Populations
This meta-analysis of the literature reveals that imaging findings of spine degeneration are present in high proportions of asymptomatic individuals, increasing with age. Many imaging-based degenerative features are likely part of normal aging and unassociated with pain.
- Percutaneous Injection of Radiopaque Gelified Ethanol for the Treatment of Lumbar and Cervical Intervertebral Disk Herniations: Experience and Clinical Outcome in 80 Patients
Eighty lumbar and 9 cervical spine herniations were treated with percutaneous intradiskal injection of gelified ethanol under fluoroscopy with 36 injections made simultaneously for 2 disk herniations. Post treatment symptom improvement was reported by 85% of patients with lumbarand 83% of those with cervical disk herniations.
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