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Distinct MR imaging patterns correlating with clinical phenotypes and possible genetic underpinnings were recognized in this cohort of pediatric patients with CNS hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Disruptive mutations and missense mutations with absent protein expression correlate with a younger onset age. Children with brainstem and cerebellitis patterns and a negative etiologic work-up require directed assessment for CNS hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.

A broad spectrum of perioperative brain MR imaging findings was documented in infants with congenital heart disease. The authors propose an MR imaging protocol including T1-, T2-, diffusion- and susceptibility-weighted imaging, and MRV to identify ischemic, hemorrhagic, and thrombotic lesions observed in this patient group.