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Index by author

September 01, 2020; Volume 41,Issue 9

  1. Nair, G.

    1. EDITOR'S CHOICEAdult Brain
      Open Access
      Manganese-Enhanced MRI in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
      D.J. Suto, G. Nair, D.M. Sudarshana, S.U. Steele, J. Dwyer, E.S. Beck, J. Ohayon, H. McFarland, A.P. Koretsky, I.C.M. Cortese and D.S. Reich
      American Journal of Neuroradiology September 2020, 41 (9) 1569-1576; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6665

      Mangafodipir is a manganese chelate that was clinically approved for MR imaging of liver lesions. The authors present a case series of 6 adults with multiple sclerosis who were scanned at baseline with gadolinium, then injected with mangafodipir, and followed at variable time points. Fourteen new lesions formed during or shortly before the study, of which 10 demonstrated manganese enhancement of varying intensity, timing, and spatial pattern. One gadolinium-enhancing extra-axial mass, presumably a meningioma, also demonstrated enhancement with manganese. Manganese enhancement was detected in lesions that formed in the days after mangafodipir injection, and this enhancement persisted for several weeks. They conclude that multiple sclerosis lesions were enhanced with a temporal and spatial profile distinct from that of gadolinium.

  2. Nakata, Y.

    1. FELLOWS' JOURNAL CLUBHead & Neck
      Open Access
      MRI Findings of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor–Induced Hypophysitis: Possible Association with Fibrosis
      R. Kurokawa, Y. Ota, W. Gonoi, A. Hagiwara, M. Kurokawa, H. Mori, E. Maeda, S. Amemiya, Y. Usui, N. Sato, Y. Nakata, T. Moritani and O. Abe
      American Journal of Neuroradiology September 2020, 41 (9) 1683-1689; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6692

      This retrospective international multicenter study comprised 20 patients with melanoma who were being treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors and clinically diagnosed with immune checkpoint inhibitor–induced hypophysitis. Three radiologists evaluated the following MR imaging findings: enlargement of the pituitary gland and stalk; homogeneity of enhancement of the pituitary gland; presence/absence of a well-defined poorly enhanced area and, if present, its location, shape, and signal intensity in T2WI; and enhancement pattern in contrast-enhanced dynamic MR imaging. Enlargement of the pituitary gland and stalk was observed in 12 and 20 patients, respectively. Nineteen patients showed poorly enhanced lesions (geographic hypoenhancing lesions) in the anterior lobe, and 11 of these lesions showed hypointensity on T2WI. Thyrotropin deficiency and corticotropin deficiency were observed in 19/20 and 12/17 patients, respectively. The authors conclude that pituitary geographic hypoenhancing lesions in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland are characteristic and frequent MR imaging findings of immune checkpoint inhibitor–induced hypophysitis.

  3. Nariai, T.

    1. EDITOR'S CHOICEAdult Brain
      Open Access
      Myelin and Axonal Damage in Normal-Appearing White Matter in Patients with Moyamoya Disease
      S. Hara, M. Hori, A. Hagiwara, Y. Tsurushima, Y. Tanaka, T. Maehara, S. Aoki and T. Nariai
      American Journal of Neuroradiology September 2020, 41 (9) 1618-1624; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6708

      Eighteen patients with Moyamoya disease (16–55 years of age) and 18 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were evaluated with myelin-sensitive MR imaging based on magnetization transfer saturation imaging and 2-shell diffusion MR imaging. The myelin volume fraction, which reflects the amount of myelin sheath; the g-ratio, which represents the ratio of the inner (axon) to the outer (axon plus myelin) diameter of the fiber; and the axon volume fraction, which reflects axonal components, were calculated and compared between the patients and controls. Compared with the healthy controls, the patients with Moyamoya disease showed a significant decrease in the myelin and axon volume fractions in many WM regions, while the increases in the g-ratio values were not statistically significant. Correlations with cognitive performance were most frequently observed with the axon volume fraction. The authors conclude that the relationship with cognitive performance might be stronger with axonal damage than with myelin damage.

  4. Newsome, S.D.

    1. Adult Brain
      Open Access
      Radiologically Isolated Syndrome: A Review for Neuroradiologists
      M. Hosseiny, S.D. Newsome and D.M. Yousem
      American Journal of Neuroradiology September 2020, 41 (9) 1542-1549; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6649

  5. Niculescu, I.

    1. Adult Brain
      Open Access
      COVID-19 and Involvement of the Corpus Callosum: Potential Effect of the Cytokine Storm?
      C. Rasmussen, I. Niculescu, S. Patel and A. Krishnan
      American Journal of Neuroradiology September 2020, 41 (9) 1625-1628; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A6680
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