Research ArticleORIGINAL RESEARCH
The Cortical Vein Opacification Score (COVES) is independently associated with good and excellent functional outcomes at 90-days in minor stroke patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion: A Multicenter Study
Dhairya A Lakhani, Hamza Salim, Aneri B Balar, Subtain Ali, Sijin Wen, Janet Mei, Argye E Hillis, Victor C Urrutia, Risheng Xu, Gabriel Broocks, Jens Fiehler, Helge C Kniep, Paul Stracke, Hermann Krähling, Gregory W Albers, Maarten Lansberg, Max Wintermark, Jeremy J Heit, Tobias D Faizy and Vivek S Yedavalli
American Journal of Neuroradiology May 2025, ajnr.A8739; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.A8739
Dhairya A Lakhani
From the Department of Neuroradiology (D.A.L., S.A.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (S.W.), West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (H.S., A.B.B., J.M., V.S.Y.), the Department of Neurology (A.E.H.), and the Department of Neurosurgery (V.C.U., R.X.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), and the Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Program (J.F., H.C.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg–Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Program (P.S., H.K.), and the Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Division (T.D.F.), University Medical Center Münster, Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology (G.W.A., M.L.), and the Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology and Neurointervention (J.J.H.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.W.), MD Anderson Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
Hamza Salim
From the Department of Neuroradiology (D.A.L., S.A.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (S.W.), West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (H.S., A.B.B., J.M., V.S.Y.), the Department of Neurology (A.E.H.), and the Department of Neurosurgery (V.C.U., R.X.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), and the Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Program (J.F., H.C.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg–Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Program (P.S., H.K.), and the Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Division (T.D.F.), University Medical Center Münster, Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology (G.W.A., M.L.), and the Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology and Neurointervention (J.J.H.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.W.), MD Anderson Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
Aneri B Balar
From the Department of Neuroradiology (D.A.L., S.A.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (S.W.), West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (H.S., A.B.B., J.M., V.S.Y.), the Department of Neurology (A.E.H.), and the Department of Neurosurgery (V.C.U., R.X.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), and the Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Program (J.F., H.C.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg–Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Program (P.S., H.K.), and the Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Division (T.D.F.), University Medical Center Münster, Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology (G.W.A., M.L.), and the Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology and Neurointervention (J.J.H.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.W.), MD Anderson Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
Subtain Ali
From the Department of Neuroradiology (D.A.L., S.A.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (S.W.), West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (H.S., A.B.B., J.M., V.S.Y.), the Department of Neurology (A.E.H.), and the Department of Neurosurgery (V.C.U., R.X.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), and the Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Program (J.F., H.C.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg–Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Program (P.S., H.K.), and the Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Division (T.D.F.), University Medical Center Münster, Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology (G.W.A., M.L.), and the Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology and Neurointervention (J.J.H.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.W.), MD Anderson Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
Sijin Wen
From the Department of Neuroradiology (D.A.L., S.A.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (S.W.), West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (H.S., A.B.B., J.M., V.S.Y.), the Department of Neurology (A.E.H.), and the Department of Neurosurgery (V.C.U., R.X.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), and the Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Program (J.F., H.C.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg–Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Program (P.S., H.K.), and the Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Division (T.D.F.), University Medical Center Münster, Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology (G.W.A., M.L.), and the Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology and Neurointervention (J.J.H.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.W.), MD Anderson Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
Janet Mei
From the Department of Neuroradiology (D.A.L., S.A.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (S.W.), West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (H.S., A.B.B., J.M., V.S.Y.), the Department of Neurology (A.E.H.), and the Department of Neurosurgery (V.C.U., R.X.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), and the Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Program (J.F., H.C.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg–Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Program (P.S., H.K.), and the Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Division (T.D.F.), University Medical Center Münster, Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology (G.W.A., M.L.), and the Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology and Neurointervention (J.J.H.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.W.), MD Anderson Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
Argye E Hillis
From the Department of Neuroradiology (D.A.L., S.A.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (S.W.), West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (H.S., A.B.B., J.M., V.S.Y.), the Department of Neurology (A.E.H.), and the Department of Neurosurgery (V.C.U., R.X.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), and the Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Program (J.F., H.C.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg–Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Program (P.S., H.K.), and the Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Division (T.D.F.), University Medical Center Münster, Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology (G.W.A., M.L.), and the Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology and Neurointervention (J.J.H.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.W.), MD Anderson Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
Victor C Urrutia
From the Department of Neuroradiology (D.A.L., S.A.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (S.W.), West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (H.S., A.B.B., J.M., V.S.Y.), the Department of Neurology (A.E.H.), and the Department of Neurosurgery (V.C.U., R.X.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), and the Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Program (J.F., H.C.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg–Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Program (P.S., H.K.), and the Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Division (T.D.F.), University Medical Center Münster, Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology (G.W.A., M.L.), and the Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology and Neurointervention (J.J.H.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.W.), MD Anderson Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
Risheng Xu
From the Department of Neuroradiology (D.A.L., S.A.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (S.W.), West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (H.S., A.B.B., J.M., V.S.Y.), the Department of Neurology (A.E.H.), and the Department of Neurosurgery (V.C.U., R.X.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), and the Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Program (J.F., H.C.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg–Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Program (P.S., H.K.), and the Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Division (T.D.F.), University Medical Center Münster, Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology (G.W.A., M.L.), and the Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology and Neurointervention (J.J.H.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.W.), MD Anderson Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
Gabriel Broocks
From the Department of Neuroradiology (D.A.L., S.A.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (S.W.), West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (H.S., A.B.B., J.M., V.S.Y.), the Department of Neurology (A.E.H.), and the Department of Neurosurgery (V.C.U., R.X.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), and the Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Program (J.F., H.C.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg–Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Program (P.S., H.K.), and the Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Division (T.D.F.), University Medical Center Münster, Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology (G.W.A., M.L.), and the Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology and Neurointervention (J.J.H.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.W.), MD Anderson Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
Jens Fiehler
From the Department of Neuroradiology (D.A.L., S.A.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (S.W.), West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (H.S., A.B.B., J.M., V.S.Y.), the Department of Neurology (A.E.H.), and the Department of Neurosurgery (V.C.U., R.X.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), and the Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Program (J.F., H.C.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg–Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Program (P.S., H.K.), and the Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Division (T.D.F.), University Medical Center Münster, Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology (G.W.A., M.L.), and the Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology and Neurointervention (J.J.H.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.W.), MD Anderson Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
Helge C Kniep
From the Department of Neuroradiology (D.A.L., S.A.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (S.W.), West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (H.S., A.B.B., J.M., V.S.Y.), the Department of Neurology (A.E.H.), and the Department of Neurosurgery (V.C.U., R.X.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), and the Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Program (J.F., H.C.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg–Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Program (P.S., H.K.), and the Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Division (T.D.F.), University Medical Center Münster, Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology (G.W.A., M.L.), and the Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology and Neurointervention (J.J.H.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.W.), MD Anderson Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
Paul Stracke
From the Department of Neuroradiology (D.A.L., S.A.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (S.W.), West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (H.S., A.B.B., J.M., V.S.Y.), the Department of Neurology (A.E.H.), and the Department of Neurosurgery (V.C.U., R.X.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), and the Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Program (J.F., H.C.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg–Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Program (P.S., H.K.), and the Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Division (T.D.F.), University Medical Center Münster, Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology (G.W.A., M.L.), and the Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology and Neurointervention (J.J.H.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.W.), MD Anderson Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
Hermann Krähling
From the Department of Neuroradiology (D.A.L., S.A.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (S.W.), West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (H.S., A.B.B., J.M., V.S.Y.), the Department of Neurology (A.E.H.), and the Department of Neurosurgery (V.C.U., R.X.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), and the Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Program (J.F., H.C.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg–Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Program (P.S., H.K.), and the Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Division (T.D.F.), University Medical Center Münster, Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology (G.W.A., M.L.), and the Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology and Neurointervention (J.J.H.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.W.), MD Anderson Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
Gregory W Albers
From the Department of Neuroradiology (D.A.L., S.A.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (S.W.), West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (H.S., A.B.B., J.M., V.S.Y.), the Department of Neurology (A.E.H.), and the Department of Neurosurgery (V.C.U., R.X.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), and the Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Program (J.F., H.C.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg–Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Program (P.S., H.K.), and the Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Division (T.D.F.), University Medical Center Münster, Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology (G.W.A., M.L.), and the Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology and Neurointervention (J.J.H.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.W.), MD Anderson Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
Maarten Lansberg
From the Department of Neuroradiology (D.A.L., S.A.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (S.W.), West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (H.S., A.B.B., J.M., V.S.Y.), the Department of Neurology (A.E.H.), and the Department of Neurosurgery (V.C.U., R.X.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), and the Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Program (J.F., H.C.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg–Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Program (P.S., H.K.), and the Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Division (T.D.F.), University Medical Center Münster, Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology (G.W.A., M.L.), and the Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology and Neurointervention (J.J.H.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.W.), MD Anderson Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
Max Wintermark
From the Department of Neuroradiology (D.A.L., S.A.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (S.W.), West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (H.S., A.B.B., J.M., V.S.Y.), the Department of Neurology (A.E.H.), and the Department of Neurosurgery (V.C.U., R.X.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), and the Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Program (J.F., H.C.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg–Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Program (P.S., H.K.), and the Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Division (T.D.F.), University Medical Center Münster, Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology (G.W.A., M.L.), and the Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology and Neurointervention (J.J.H.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.W.), MD Anderson Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
Jeremy J Heit
From the Department of Neuroradiology (D.A.L., S.A.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (S.W.), West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (H.S., A.B.B., J.M., V.S.Y.), the Department of Neurology (A.E.H.), and the Department of Neurosurgery (V.C.U., R.X.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), and the Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Program (J.F., H.C.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg–Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Program (P.S., H.K.), and the Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Division (T.D.F.), University Medical Center Münster, Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology (G.W.A., M.L.), and the Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology and Neurointervention (J.J.H.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.W.), MD Anderson Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
Tobias D Faizy
From the Department of Neuroradiology (D.A.L., S.A.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (S.W.), West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (H.S., A.B.B., J.M., V.S.Y.), the Department of Neurology (A.E.H.), and the Department of Neurosurgery (V.C.U., R.X.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), and the Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Program (J.F., H.C.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg–Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Program (P.S., H.K.), and the Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Division (T.D.F.), University Medical Center Münster, Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology (G.W.A., M.L.), and the Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology and Neurointervention (J.J.H.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.W.), MD Anderson Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
Vivek S Yedavalli
From the Department of Neuroradiology (D.A.L., S.A.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (S.W.), West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (H.S., A.B.B., J.M., V.S.Y.), the Department of Neurology (A.E.H.), and the Department of Neurosurgery (V.C.U., R.X.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology (G.B.), and the Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Program (J.F., H.C.K.), University Medical Center Hamburg–Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Program (P.S., H.K.), and the Department of Radiology, Neuroendovascular Division (T.D.F.), University Medical Center Münster, Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology (G.W.A., M.L.), and the Department of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology and Neurointervention (J.J.H.), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Neuroradiology (M.W.), MD Anderson Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Accepted Manuscript
Dhairya A Lakhani, Hamza Salim, Aneri B Balar, Subtain Ali, Sijin Wen, Janet Mei, Argye E Hillis, Victor C Urrutia, Risheng Xu, Gabriel Broocks, Jens Fiehler, Helge C Kniep, Paul Stracke, Hermann Krähling, Gregory W Albers, Maarten Lansberg, Max Wintermark, Jeremy J Heit, Tobias D Faizy, Vivek S Yedavalli
The Cortical Vein Opacification Score (COVES) is independently associated with good and excellent functional outcomes at 90-days in minor stroke patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion: A Multicenter Study
American Journal of Neuroradiology May 2025, ajnr.A8739; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A8739
Accepted Manuscript
The Cortical Vein Opacification Score (COVES) is independently associated with good and excellent functional outcomes at 90-days in minor stroke patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion: A Multicenter Study
Dhairya A Lakhani, Hamza Salim, Aneri B Balar, Subtain Ali, Sijin Wen, Janet Mei, Argye E Hillis, Victor C Urrutia, Risheng Xu, Gabriel Broocks, Jens Fiehler, Helge C Kniep, Paul Stracke, Hermann Krähling, Gregory W Albers, Maarten Lansberg, Max Wintermark, Jeremy J Heit, Tobias D Faizy, Vivek S Yedavalli
American Journal of Neuroradiology May 2025, ajnr.A8739; DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A8739
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